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▬ good environment for mining shares to recover ▬
Several emerging explorers deserve attention

Henk J. Krasenberg - European Gold Centre

Henk J. Krasenberg

As you know from my comments over the last few months, I have been expecting the beginning of a new good era for mining and exploration share prices. The markets have been too low for too long, thus not reflecting the exciting progress reports from many companies in the last few months. I think the moment has come. A new period of recovering resource prices has started. Induced by the announcements from the ECB and Fed, the price of gold solidly broke through the $1,700 level and it seems the start of a next phase has entered. Encouraging is that also the prices of other metals joined the upward move. It looks like investors are finally regaining confidence after two years of depressing news about the all the financial, political and economical perils in the world. The stream of negative and fearful developments has been so long and consistent that I have become a kind of immune for bad news and hungry for more positive news. The mining sector certainly has been bringing that. Good reports about successful exploration programs, discoveries and increasing production are too many to ignore any longer. I have very strong feelings about the potential that many companies are offering. The next few years will be highly fascinating and rewarding. You cannot afford not to own (enough) resource stocks and you should not miss to be part of what in my view is coming.

Therefore, it is the right time now to do your homework, review your portfolio and adapt your list of shares, sell the dead ducks and add some of the more remarkable explorers. And if you are not in the market yet, it is time to take some necessary steps!

Last month, I mentioned the names of several emerging producers that in my opinion, have the right ingredients to be very attractive investment candidates. I also told you that I would report my findings at the Precious Metals Summit and the Denver Gold Forum in this issue and share some of the more interesting discoveries and experiences with you. I hereby do!

Both events offered me the opportunity to update my expertise with the latest developments of the many companies I follow, discuss the present and future with several of my Supporting Companies, refresh my relationships with some companies that I have followed in the past and not the least important, meet new companies and their management and make new friends. I can tell you that I have made several new discoveries of companies which I would love to be covering and report on to you in the future. Whether that will happen, time will tell! For the time being, you will have to do with my most eye- and ear-catching experiences in Denver.

It should not be surprising that I found quite a few interesting stories among companies that are operating in those world’s mining territories that have my special interest, such as Canada, United States, Mexico, Europe, Africa, my more recent interest for the resource developments in Colombia, some regions that I used to be following such as Papua New Guinea, Eastern Europe and Australia, a continent that I would find interesting to write about. In this respect, it was pleasant and noteworthy that there were a number of Australian companies present. Unfortunately, we don’t often have the opportunity to meet them.

The Precious Metals Summit — ”where the smart money goes prospecting”– kicked off with the impressive-as-ever presentation of my old friend and originally fellow-Dutchman Dr. Martin Murenbeeld, Chief Economist at Dundee WealthEconomics. He gave a thorough analysis of the current economics that make the gold price do what it did, does and will do. In all of the three scenarios that he painted, he is prudently optimistic about the gold prices that will materialize over the next 12 months.

Although the organization had succeeded to bring some 90 companies together, presenting their cases to a selective audience of investment specialists, I chose this time not to spend my time listening to all the presentations. Instead, I had a full schedule with one-on-meetings, having the advantage to meet management people rather than power-points. Virtually all of my discussions confirmed my view that quite many exploration companies are getting very nice results from their drilling programs and are due to continue to make solid progress at their projects, either towards feasibility or towards production decisions in the next two or three years.

Interesting companies that I met in my one-on-one meetings and that I would like to share with you were several with activities in the areas that I am following very closely. Of the ones that are (mainly) active in MEXICO, the first that deserves to be mentioned is MAG Silver (NYSE.A:MVG, TSX:MAG), one of my prime choices and a potential production candidate, Cayden Resources (TSXV:CYD), new to me but with a familiar management, International Northair Mines (TSXV:INM), a company that I used to cover in the old days and which is now heading towards a production decision phase, Kimber Resources (NYSE MKT:KBX, TSX:KBR), another company that I used to be writing about in the past and now expanding its resources to allow a production decision, Santa Cruz Silver Mining (TSXV:SCZ) which I discovered recently and is active on 3 advance stage projects with excellent potential for mining operations, Cerro Resources (TSXV,ASX:CJO) that expects a decision to mine by Q4 2012 and commence production in early 2014, and Dia Bras Exploration (TSXV:DIB), which has been pilot-mining silver, copper, zinc and lead zinc since 2005.

It was nice that there also was quite a number of companies with exploration activities in EUROPE. After all the finger-pointing from North America to the financial problems of Europe and the Euro, it was good that these companies showed so clearly that there are plenty of very promising resources possibilities in Europe being explored and advanced. For my older readers (not in age but in readership background), the name EurOmax Resources (TSXV:EOX) must sound familiar; a complete new management team coming from European Minerals, is dynamically reviving the company with its three core assets in Macedonia, Bulgaria and Serbia. I used to cover the company initially but then I stopped doing so when management problems were troubling the company’s progress. The new team made quite an impression as capable and determined to do justice to the company’s qualities and possibilities. Also with a very interesting gold project in Serbia, Avala Resources (TSXV:AVZ) has a very solid and fascinating story to tell. It is the largest exploration license holder in the country and it is establishing large areas of near-surface gold mineralization at its 3 active properties. A company that I met earlier in the year in Vancouver but now talked to more extensively, is Global Minerals (TSXV:CTG) which is quite advanced in rehabilitating its Strieborná silver mine situated on 135km² controlled exploration concessions with 90 known veins in Slovakia. Quite a surprise was to meet with Dalradian Resources (TSX:DNA) which has a completed PEA for its high-grade 2.7 million ounce gold resource in Northern Ireland and is the first active mineral discovery company in Norway where it has acquired several northern greenstone belts with known mineralization.

To my pleasure, I had the opportunity to meet several of the Canadian companies that are exploring in the newest mining country on the map of international investors, i.e. COLOMBIA. That suited me fine as I will soon announce my plans to launch my MINING IN COLOMBIA publication. The meeting with the management of SunWard Resources (TSX:SWD) gave me a very comfortable feeling; they know what they have –an NI43-101 M&I mineral resource of 4.58 million ounces of gold– and where they will go. And they have the grades. I met again with Batero Gold (TSXV:BAT), probably the most discussed Colombia exploration company in the recent months; they seem to be on the right track to indeed become the success story that is promised to be. Seafield Resources (TSXV:SFF) is worth looking at because they have their PEA completed, have shown some higher grade drill results and will drill test high grade gold zone of their main project in Q1 2013.

As said before, it was good to be able to meet with two of the Australian resource companies that came to Beaver Creek. I had a very enlightening discussion with GoldRoad Resources (ASX:GOR), for me totally new but quite impressive. They have an over 5,000 km² resource property in the Yamarna Belt in WESTERN AUSTRALIA, a highly prospective area for gold mineralization where several new significant discoveries have been made. GoldRoad has over 100 prospects which it is systematically exploring successfully –13 new gold discoveries in 30 months– and has established a JORC resource of more than 1 million ounces of gold so far. I have hardly ever seen a company that has such a great and actually worked-on pipeline of prospects. To give you an idea, all of the accomplishments have been reached within less than 1% of the tenement holding. The two key projects are now in feasibility and ready to complete construction and commence gold production in 2013/2014. The other Australian company was Indochine Mining (ASX:IDC) that owns a major JORC-compliant gold resource at its Mt Kare project in PAPUA NEW GUINEA with 1.8 million ounces of gold plus silver, currently the subject of a pre-feasibility study, expected to be completed this month. The next step will be a Bankable Feasibility, to be started in November. Assuming that study will provide the proper economics, production is target within 3 years. In the meantime, Indochine has acquired the largest mining property holding in CAMBODIA, a country that has had very limited modern exploration but is situated within a region known for large gold and copper deposits.

It may look as if there were no Canadian companies with activities in CANADA itself. Not true, I met with Western Copper and Gold (NYSE MKT:WRN) that is advancing its Casino Project to complete a Feasibility Study before the end of this year which could more than confirm the earlier pre-feasibility which set huge reserves and the economics of becoming a significant low-cost producer. A company that has an interesting project mix in NEVADA/UTAH, ARGENTINA and SPAIN and a portfolio of properties for its business model of entertaining joint ventures is Renaissance Gold (TSX:REN). They have an appealing number of earn-in agreements going with evenly impressive partners. The last meeting I had with one of the ‘hottest’ companies around since their sensational drill hole in the DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: GoldQuest Mining (TSXV:GQC). The fear that the hole was a one-time shot has now diminished after more great results (235m @4.7g/t gold) were reported. I know the project from writing about it a few years ago. I am not surprised about what is happening now. There is more to come! They also have indirect interests in PORTUGAL and SPAIN.

Of course, I also met with the SUPPORTING COMPANIES that were present. Such as Astur Gold (TSXV:AST) which is in a decision-awaiting and -taking period to determine whether its Alave mine in northern Spain will eventually be brought to production, Aurcana (TSXV:AUN) that is nicely proceeding with its silver mining operations at its Shafter mine in south-west Texas, USA and its La Negra mine in Queretaro, Mexico where a recent update of the Measured and Indicated resource estimate showed a 50-fold increase (!), CuOro Resources (TSXV:CUA) that is advancing its Santa Elena copper project in Colombia, SilverCrest Mines (TSXV:SVL, NYSE MKT:SVLC) increasing its silver production at its Santa Elena mine (don’t get confused, yes it has the same name as the CuOro project) and drilling its nearby Cruz de Mayo project in Sonora, Mexico and Tembo Gold (TSXV:TEM) which reported high-grade results from the initial drill holes at its Mgusu Target area.

At the Denver Gold Forum, I decided to spend my time attending the presentation sessions as the companies represented all were more advanced, having reached production or being very close to that stage.

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There was one whole morning where several major producers were presenting. I didn’t want to miss that because of what I had written about them in the August issue. And I have to admit that some companies, or rather their presenting CEO’s (business is always a people’s business….) impressed me with their solid and down-to-earth attitude and realistic confidence about the future of their projects. In particular, I liked Barrick Gold (NYSE:ABX), Newmont Mining (NYSE:NEM), Goldcorp (NYSE:G), AngloGold Ashanti (NYSE:AU), Yamana Gold (TSX:YRI), Kinross Gold (TSX:K) and Randgold Resources (LSE:RRS).

I had one one-on-one meeting and what an interesting one that was. I didn’t know the company, as I am sure many people don’t, because it has not been around for so long. Mandalay Resources (TSX:MND) was formed in 2009 with the specific purpose to acquire assets that were somehow in trouble but could be put to production and generate cash flow quickly through quality exploration. It acquired two mines, the gold-antimony Costerfield mine in AUSTRALIA and the Cerro Bayo silver-gold mine in CHILE. After management’s vision has been put into practice, combined production for 2012 is expected to come to 26,000-34,000 ounces of gold, around 2,000t of antimony and 2,7-3,0 million ounces of silver. I was impressed by the story, the people and the upside potential for the future years.

Of the other company presentations that I attended, quite a few I found more interesting than others, because of their projects and accomplishments but mainly because of their management personality, dedication and vision. McEwen Mining (NYSE:MUX) is undoubtedly on its way to become a major in MEXICO and NEVADA; Endeavour Mining (TSX:EDV) has a very clear vision how to proceed to become a big party in AFRICA; Torex Gold (TSX:TXG) is building a mine at its Morelos property in MEXICO and in the process of finding another mine on the same property; G-Resources (HSX:1051) having its Martabe project in North Sumatra, INDONESIA, more than 90% complete with 9 million ounces of gold equivalent to be produced; Endeavour Silver (NYSE:EXK) which is continuing expanding with more mines and more ounces of production in MEXICO; SEMAFO (TSX:SMF), one of my long-time favourite companies, is solidly producing gold in AFRICA; Polymetal International (LSE:POLY) impressed me with their production target of 1 million ounces gold equivalent this year from their mines in RUSSIA and KAZAKHSTAN; Centamin (LSE:CEY, TSX:CEE) is producing gold since 2009 at the first large scale modern gold mine in EGYPT and has started its expansion in the Arabian-Nubian shield with an acquisition in ETHIOPIA; First Majestic Silver (NYSE:AG) keeps growing both by acquisition and internal growth of production in MEXICO which reflect management’s dedication to become one of the largest silver producers; Banro (TSX:BAA) which finally completed the transition from many years of exploration and developer into a gold producer by declaring commercial production as per last September 1 at its Twangiza-Namoya project in northeast Democratic Republic Congo, AFRICA where its production target is set at an annual +400,000 ounces of gold by 2017; Silvercorp Metals (NYSE,TSX:SVM) has grown into the largest primary silver producer in CHINA through the operation of 4 silver-lead-zinc mines in Hunan Province. Silvercorp must be the lowest cost producer of the world: in Q1 2013, ended June 30, 2012, 1.2 million ounces of silver were produced at a cash cost of $0.14 per ounce (!); last but certainly not least, Argonaut Gold (TSX:AR), an emerging producer from its two mines in MEXICO with which I have been in contact in the last few months but now finally met in person. Our meetings resulted in their decision to become a Supporting Company of The Centre. I refer you to the last part of this issue for more (interesting) information. This list could have been longer if I could have attended the closing day of the event. However, KLM/Delta sold me a ticket in which changes could not be made. What did they do? They changed my flight in an earlier one which made me miss the presentations of the last morning session……thanks!

Also at this event, several of the SUPPORTING COMPANIES were present. Paramount Gold and Silver (TSX:PZG) told me about their filing of its Final PEA report on its Sleeper Project in Nevada. The study predicts 17 years of operation with an average annual gold production of 172,000 ounces of gold and an estimated IRR of 26.8% at $1,384 gold. Great Panther Silver (TSX:GPR) which recently strengthened its position in Mexico by purchasing the surface rights for its San Ignacio project and acquiring the El Horcon silver-gold project that has excellent potential to be a satellite mine for its Guanajuato operations. SilverCrest Mines (TSXV:SVL) that upgraded its shareholder access by listing its shares at the NYSE MKT under the symbol SVLC. In their presentation, they elaborated on the plans for underground expansion and building its own mill at the Santa Elena mine and on the La Joya project as the next point of focus in the pipeline. Pre-feasibility work is underway on this near surface resource.

As they did in Beaver Creek, Aurcana (TSXV:AUN) was also presenting their interesting case for a very attentive audience here. I talked to Timmins Gold (TSX:TMM,NYSE MKT:TGD) where things are going extremely well. Production from the San Francisco mine in Mexico will come to 100,000 ounces of gold this year with 130,000 ounces expected in 2013 and beyond. More important, the resources and reserves are continually expanded by the 5 drills that are working right around the mine and equipment is added to enlarge the capacity.

One more point of interest to tell you about my visit to the Denver Gold Forum, which, I have to add, deserves a compliment for the way it was organized. Tim Wood and his competent staff really made it a class act, doing justice to the overall quality of the companies presented. It is about the keynote luncheon speaker Matthew Bishop, American Business Editor and New York Bureau Chief of The Economist with as theme “Gold, Money and the Economy”. Not only did he give a very entertaining speech full of humour and relativism, but he rightfully brought the message that everyone should take gold seriously because of what its price tells us about subjects such as the health of the economy, the outlook for inflation, the priorities and competence of government, and the prospects of paper currencies such as the dollar. His views and elaborations can be found in his book “In Gold We Trust? The Future of Money in an Age of Uncertainty” which he did not forget to promote. The Kindle version can be ordered from Amazon.com for the lump sum of $2.99 and it will be auto-delivered wirelessly. I did so and I can recommend it wholeheartedly!

Also read: Initiating coverage new Supporting Company – Argonaut Gold

Henk J. Krasenberg

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European Gold Centre

European Gold Centre analyzes and comments on gold, other metals & minerals and international mining and exploration companies in perspective to the rapidly changing world of economics, finance and investments. Through its publications, The Centre informs international investors, both institutional and private, primarily in Europe but also worldwide, who have an interest in natural resources and investing in resource companies.

The Centre also provides assistance to international mining and exploration companies in building and expanding their European investor following and shareholdership.

Henk J. Krasenberg

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After my professional career in security analysis, investment advisory, porfolio management and investment banking, I made the decision to concentrate on and specialize in the world of metals, minerals and mining finance. From 1983 to 1992, I have been writing and consulting about gold, other metals and minerals and resource companies.

The depressed metal markets of the early 1990’s led me to a temporary shift. I pursued one of my other hobbies and started an art gallery in contemporary abstracts, awaiting a new cycle in metals and mining. That started to come in the early 2000’s and I returned to metals and mining in 2002 with the European Gold Centre.

With my GOLDVIEW reports, I have built an extensive institutional investor following in Europe and more of a private investor following in the rest of the world. In 2007, I introduced my MINING IN AFRICA publication, to be followed by MINING IN EUROPE in 2010 and MINING IN MEXICO in 2012.

For more information: www.europeangoldcentre.com

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Nederländerna flyttar guld från USA och Kanada till London

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Guldtackor i närbild

Den nederländska centralbanken DNB har flyttat 86 ton av landets guldreserver från USA och Kanada till London. Beslutet motiveras med ett allt mer oroligt geopolitiskt läge och behovet av att kunna använda reserverna snabbare i en krissituation.

London ger snabbare tillgång

DNB uppger att guld som förvaras i London är enklare att omsätta än reserverna i New York och Ottawa. London är världens djupaste och mest likvida guldmarknad, vilket gör det lättare för centralbanker att sälja eller låna ut guld vid behov.

Nederländernas totala guldreserv uppgick vid slutet av 2025 till 612,4 ton, värd omkring 72,2 miljarder euro. Efter flytten finns 32,1 procent av reserverna i London, jämfört med 18,1 procent tidigare. Andelen i både USA och Kanada har samtidigt minskat till 18,5 procent vardera.

Geopolitiken bakom beslutet

DNB hänvisar uttryckligen till den ökade geopolitiska oron. Enligt centralbankschefen Olaf Sleijpen handlar flytten om att stärka bankens motståndskraft och beredskap, även om förhoppningen är att reserverna aldrig ska behöva användas i en kris.

Själva överföringen genomfördes mellan mars och augusti. En del av guldet flyttades fysiskt, medan andra delar hanterades genom köp och försäljningar. Mer än 27 ton fysiskt guld transporterades från USA och Kanada till Nederländerna och därefter vidare till London.

Kan fler centralbanker följa efter?

Bedömare konstaterar att centralbanker har flyttat runt sina guldreserver under ungefär ett decennium. Den politiska utvecklingen i USA kan samtidigt göra att vissa länder föredrar andra förvaringsplatser.

John Plassard vid Cite Gestion Private Bank beskriver den nederländska åtgärden som ett sätt att säkerställa mer omedelbar tillgång till guldet vid en kris. Han varnar samtidigt för att ett större skifte från amerikanska förvaringsplatser skulle kunna påverka förtroendet för USA.

Tyskland har exempelvis diskuterat säkerheten kring sina guldreserver i New York, men Bundesbank har hittills valt att behålla sina reserver där.

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Ostadigt höstväder kan dämpa de höga elpriserna

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Vindkraftverk

Mindre blåst och regn innebär också mindre vindkraft och lägre vattennivåer. Detta i kombination med mindre kärnkraft har minskat tillgången på el och höjt elpriserna. Även prisskillnaderna har ökat mellan norra och södra Sverige med anledning av flaskhalsar i nätet. Det gör att det är svårare att föra billig el från områden med överskott till områden med större behov. Mer ostadigt höstväder med mer nederbörd och blåst kan dämpa elpriserna.

Jonas Stenbeck, privatkundschef Vattenfall Försäljning
Jonas Stenbeck, privatkundschef Vattenfall Försäljning

Månadsmedelpriset för augusti på den nordiska elbörsen Nord Pool utan påslag och exklusive moms blev 66,67 öre/kWh i elområde 3, södra Mellansverige, och 38,77 öre/kWh i elområde 1, norra Sverige.

– Augusti blev dyrare än de två föregående åren. Kraftproduktionen har varit lägre och när det regnar mindre i områden med vattenkraft behöver man hushålla med vattnet så att det ska räcka till vintern. Men får vi mer nederbörd och framförallt att det blåser mer, så kommer det att direkt påverka elpriset nedåt men det gör också att priserna blir mer volatila, det vill säga mer svängiga, säger Jonas Stenbeck, privatkundschef på Vattenfall Försäljning.

Den nordiska kärnkraften ligger just nu 70 procent av installerad kapacitet men kommer att sjunka till drygt 50 procent i september bland annat med anledning av planerat underhållsarbete. Södra Norge har väldigt låga vattennivåer vilket även slår över på priserna i södra Sverige. De svenska vattennivåerna ligger på normalen vilket dämpar elpriset i norra Sverige.

Flaskhalsarna i elnätet gör att elöverföringen från norr till söder är begränsad. Idag är en tredjedel av elanläggningarna äldre än 40 år och närmar sig slutet av sin tekniska livslängd. Svenska Kraftnät planerar att investera 70 mdr kronor åren 2027–2029, samtidigt som Vattenfall Eldistribution fram till 2030 planerar att investera 47 mdr kronor i region- och lokalnätet.

Oljepriset har ökat men även gaspriset har stigit betydligt på kontinenten med anledning av låga lager, konkurrens om flytande naturgas och oro för leveranser genom Hormuzsundet. Eftersom elmarknaden är sammanlänkad kan även de nordiska elpriserna påverkas, framförallt södra Sverige.

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Priset på råolja är fel signal att titta på, det är bensin och diesel som visar allvaret

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Oljeledning, med karta över Irak och östra Medelhavet

Råoljepriset har hamnat i centrum för marknadens fokus, men det är fel måttstock för att förstå vad som faktiskt händer på energimarknaden. Den verkliga signalen kommer från de raffinerade oljeprodukterna, framför allt diesel och bensin, där priserna och marginalerna har stigit betydligt mer än priset på själva råoljan. Det är Jeff Curries tydliga budskap.

Det är en viktig skillnad eftersom det är produkterna som hushåll och företag faktiskt använder. Råolja konsumeras inte direkt av de flesta slutkunder. Den måste först raffineras till exempelvis bensin, diesel och flygbränsle.

Dieselpriset ger därför en betydligt mer relevant bild av situationen. Med de nivåer som råder motsvarar dieselpriset omkring 174 dollar per fat. För bensin och diesel tillsammans ligger motsvarande prisnivå omkring 160 dollar per fat. Det kan jämföras med ett råoljepris som ligger betydligt lägre.

Det är också raffinaderimarginalerna, de så kallade crack spreads, som ger en tydlig signal. Dieselns marginal mot råolja ligger omkring 94 dollar per fat, efter att så sent som föregående vecka ha varit uppe på omkring 102 dollar, en rekordnivå.

Råolja finns, men produkterna kommer inte fram

En del av förklaringen till skillnaden är utvecklingen kring Hormuzsundet. Under juni och juli blev stora mängder råolja kvar på fel sida av sundet. När situationen förändrades kunde denna råolja börja röra sig ut på marknaden.

Det skapade ett tillfälligt intryck av att oljemarknaden var välförsörjd.

Problemet är att råolja och raffinerade produkter inte är samma sak ur ett logistiskt perspektiv.

Att transportera råolja genom ett riskområde är en sak. Att transportera en tanker fullastad med bensin eller diesel är något helt annat. Raffinerade produkter är betydligt mer brandfarliga, vilket gör att risken för att skicka produktlaster genom ett område där fartyg kan attackeras blir högre.

Resultatet blir en situation där råoljan kan finnas tillgänglig samtidigt som det råder brist på de produkter som faktiskt behövs.

Det är just denna skillnad som gör att ett fallande råoljepris kan vara missvisande.

Flera flaskhalsar samtidigt

Hormuzsundet är dessutom bara en av flera flaskhalsar som påverkar energiflödena.

Ryssland är ett annat exempel. Under en period hade mer än hälften av landets raffinaderikapacitet slagits ut. Det begränsar möjligheten att omvandla råolja till färdiga produkter, samtidigt som Ryssland redan har begränsningar för hur mycket råolja landet kan exportera.

Konsekvensen blir att den globala marknaden förlorar färdiga oljeprodukter.

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Det handlar om stora volymer. Den ryska raffinaderisektorn står för omkring 10 procent av världens dieselutbud. Samtidigt har Ryssland tvingats importera jetbränsle från Japan samt diesel och bensin från Indien, trots att landet normalt betraktas som en av världens stora exportörer av energi.

Det illustrerar problemet, den globala energimarknaden handlar inte bara om hur mycket råolja som produceras, utan om var raffinaderierna finns, om de fungerar och om de färdiga produkterna kan transporteras dit de behövs.

Kina kan bidra till högre energipriser

Även Kina spelar en viktig roll.

Kina brukar vara en nettoexportör av raffinerade oljeprodukter. När landet minskar sina produkt­exporter försvinner däremot en viktig källa till bensin och diesel på den internationella marknaden.

Det innebär att Kinas agerande kan bidra till högre energipriser snarare än lägre, även om landet samtidigt skulle köpa mindre råolja för lageruppbyggnad.

Det är ytterligare ett exempel på varför det kan vara farligt att titta enbart på råoljepriset när man försöker bedöma utbud och efterfrågan på energi.

Det stora hotet är vad detta gör med priserna i ekonomin

Den kanske viktigaste slutsatsen handlar därför inte om oljepriset i sig, utan om vad som händer med kostnaden för att använda energi.

Bensin och diesel är direkt kopplade till hushållens och företagens kostnader. De påverkar transportkostnader, distribution, industri och i förlängningen konsumentpriserna.

Därför kan en situation med fallande råoljepris samtidigt innebära betydande inflationstryck.

Till detta kommer ytterligare flaskhalsar i det globala transportsystemet. Röda havet, Rhen och Panamakanalen nämns som andra exempel där krig, störningar och väderrelaterade problem kan begränsa transportkapaciteten.

När flera sådana flaskhalsar uppstår samtidigt kan effekten bli betydande även om det finns gott om råvara någonstans i systemet.

Det är skillnaden mellan råvara i marken eller på fel plats och en färdig produkt som faktiskt finns tillgänglig där den behövs.

Marknaden tittar på fel siffra

Budskapet är därför att råoljepriset inte nödvändigtvis är den bästa indikatorn på läget på energimarknaden.

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Det är priserna på raffinerade produkter som visar vad den faktiska bristsituationen kostar.

Om diesel kostar motsvarande omkring 174 dollar per fat och raffinaderimarginalerna ligger nära rekordnivåer är det svårt att beskriva energimarknaden som välförsörjd enbart med hänvisning till ett lägre råoljepris.

För konsumenten spelar det ingen större roll vad ett fat råolja kostar innan det har raffinerats. Det som spelar roll är vad det kostar att tanka bilen, transportera varor, flyga och driva industrin.

Och just där är signalerna betydligt mer oroande.

Det innebär också att oljeprisets utveckling kan underskatta den ekonomiska effekten av de störningar som just nu drabbar energiflödena. Så länge flaskhalsarna framför allt drabbar raffinering och transport av färdiga produkter kan råoljemarknaden se relativt lugn ut samtidigt som bensin, diesel och andra oljeprodukter blir allt dyrare.

Det är alltså inte nödvändigtvis brist på råolja som är problemet. Det kan vara brist på rätt produkt, på rätt plats, vid rätt tidpunkt.

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