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SIP Nordic – Råvaruguiden – februari 2013

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SIP Nordic - Analys av råvaror

SIP Nordic - RåvaruguidenDe flesta investerar i en enskild tillgång för att de tror på uppgång alternativt en nedgång i samma underliggande. Vad många ibland missar är att det finns goda möjligheter till avkastning om man investerar i en skillnad mellan två eller flera tillgångar. Ett sådant tillfälle finns nu i skillnaden i pris mellan guld och platina. Frågan är åt vilket håll det ska gå. Kanske dags för ett spread bet?

Diagram med grafer över guldpris och platinapris

Platina och gulds utveckling sedan 2008. Guld har sedan september 2011 handlats till ett dyrare pris än platina. Något som nu kan ändras.

Historiskt har platina handlats på en högre nivå än guld men detta förändrades i september 2011. Detta till följd av att den dystra utsikten för den globala ekonomin drabbade industrimetaller, såsom platina, samtidigt som investerare sökte sig mot den säkra hamnen som guld ansågs vara. Skillnaden mellan priset var som mest drygt $200 i september 2012.

Trots att guld spås ha ännu ett år av positiv utveckling finns det mycket som talar för att platina kommer att utvecklas ännu bättre. (se text om guld och platina nedan)

Skillnad i pris på guld och platina

Skillnaden i pris mellan platina och guld (platina – guld) är återigen vid nollinjen. En nivå som tidigare testats.

Skillnaden i pris mellan guld och platina (spread) är nu åter vid nollinjen (se bild ovan). Om man tror att spreaden nu ska öka, till platinas fördel, kan man använda följande strategi.

Köp: MINILONG PLAT A
Köp: MINISHRT GULD P

Denna trade kan generera positiv avkastning om platinapriset ökar mer än vad guldpriset gör. Denna trade kan också vara fördelaktig även om både platina- och guldpriset tappar i värde. Så länge som guld tappar mer än platina.

Självklart fungerar det att spekulera i det motsatta. D.v.s. att skillnaden i pris mellan de två råvarorna kommer att öka till gulds fördel. Då kan man istället använda följande produkter.

Köp: MINILONG GULD G
Köp: MINISHRT PLAT B

Råvaror – Energi

Brent olja

  • Brentoljan har startat året mycket positivt. Upp dryga 5 % under januari månad.
  • Brent närmar sig nu en viktig motståndsnivå kring $118 USD.
  • Oljepriset steg under januari månad till följd av signaler på att den amerikanska ekonomin är på bättringsvägen. Något som spekulanter tror kan få fart på oljekonsumtionen igen.

Brentolja - SIP Nordic-diagram

Prognoser på brent-olja

Naturgas

  • Priset på naturgas föll under januari månad knappa 4 %.
  • Lagren av naturgas är fortfarande höga. Ca 12 % över medelvärdet (5 år).
  • Lagren är dock mindre jämfört med samma period förra året. Något som kan vända den negativa kortsiktiga trend som naturgas hade under januari.

Prisutveckling på naturgas

Prognoser på naturgaspriset

Råvaror – Metaller

Guld

  • Guldpriset ökade marginellt under januari. 0,4 % upp.
  • Med signaler om en starkare global ekonomi i kombination med en större vilja att flytta pengar från ”säkra hamnar” till aktiemarknaden, kommer även en svagare guldutveckling.
  • Rapporter om minskad handel av fysiskt guld i Asien jämfört med föregående år kan även påverka guldet negativt på kort sikt.
  • Den amerikanska penningpolitiken kommer till stor del fortsatt styra utvecklingen av guldpriset.

Prisutveckling på guld

Guldprognoser i månadsskiftet januari/februari 2013

Silver

• Silver överpresterade guld under januari månad. Upp 4,7 %.
• Efterfrågan på fysiskt silver ökar.
• Indiens export av silver väntas öka med runt 30 % till följd av ökad efterfrågan.

Silvergraf över prisutveckling

Prognoser på silverpriset år 203

Platina

  • Platinapriset steg kraftigt under januari. Upp nästan 10 % under januari månad.
  • Detta gör att platina nu handlas till ett högre pris än guld. (Första gången sedan 2011)
  • Nettopositionerna i platinaterminer är i stor övervikt för långa kontrakt.
  • Efterfrågan på platina är hög samtidigt som produktionskostnaderna fortsatt är höga. Något som pressar priset uppåt.
  • Sviterna efter de stora strejkerna i de Sydafrikanska gruvorna gör sig fortfarande påminda och gruvorna är inte än uppe i full produktionstakt.
  • Sydafrika står för en mycket stor del av den globala platinaproduktionen.

Platinaprisets utveckling år 2011, 2012, 2013

Prognoser på platinapriset för 2013

Koppar

  • Priset på koppar ökade 3,2 % under januari.
  • Kopparproduktionen förväntas öka med cirka 3 % under 2013 till följd av ökad efterfrågan ibland annat Kina och Indien.
  • Priset på industrimetallerna hjälps till stor del av en svagare USD.

Kopparprisets utveckling

Prognoser på kopparpriset år 2013

Zink

  • Priset på zink åkte berg och dalbana under januari och stängde till slut 4,8 % upp.
  • Likt andra basmetaller hjälper en svagare dollar kursen uppåt.
  • Rapporter indikerar på en lägre produktionssiffra under 2013. Någon som kan få priset på zink att klättra ytterligare.
  • Zink närmar sig nu viktiga nivåer kring 2150 där vi har en rad motståndsnivåer. Blir intressant att följa under 2013.

Prisutveckling för metallen zink

Prognoser på zinkpriset för 2013

Nickel

  • Nickel återhämtade nästan hela förra årets nedgång under januari. Upp 7,5 % totalt.
  • Viktiga motståndsnivåer kring 18 400. Om detta område passeras är nästa nivå 22 000.

Diagram över priset på metallen nickel

Prognoser för nickelpriset år 2013

Råvaror – Jordbruk

Socker

  • Socker fortsätter i sin negativa trend. Ned 3 % i januari.
  • Produktionen överstiger än konsumtionen kraftigt.
  • Investerare ligger fortsatt i överhängande negativa positioner.
  • Rapporter om att etanol ska åläggas en extra tullavgift i EU är inte positivt för socker som till viss del används för etanolproduktion.

Sockerprisets utveckling

Prognoser på sockerpriset för 2013

Bomull

  • Bomull befinner sig i en kortsiktigt positiv trend. Sedan oktober förra året är bomull upp dryga 20 %.
  • För januari är priset på bomull upp 11 %.
  • Uppgången kan till stor härledas till en överaskande stark amerikansk och indisk export.

Prisutveckling på bomull

Prognoser på bomullspris för år 2013

Majs

  • För januari är majspriset upp 6,7 %.
  • Uppgången kan dämpas då det spås att majsskörden kan bli mycket stor under sommaren 2013.
  • Ytterligare faktorer som pekar på en avsvalnad kurs är lägre efterfrågan från etanol- och boskapsproducenter.

Diagram över prisutveckling för majs

Prognoser för pris på majs år 2013

Vete

  • Vete hade likt majs ett svängigt 2012.
  • Under januari månad minskade priset på vete med 0,3 %.
  • Den fortsatta utvecklingen för vete är osäker då det kommer tvetydiga rapporter om tillgång och efterfrågan.

Prisutveckling på vete

Prognoser för vetepriset år 2013

Apelsinjuice

  • Apelsinjuice är i stort sett oförändrat under januari.
  • Apelsinjuice befinner sig dock i ett mycket intressant läge där den negativa trenden nu verkar ha bytts mot det positiva.
  • Viktiga nivåer kring 123 cents.
  • Priset på apelsinjuice är fortfarande 70 % högre än botten 2009. Fallhöjden är således hög. Mycket hög.

Priset på apelsinjuice har gått ner

Kaffe

  • Kaffe utvecklades under januari svagt uppåt. + 0,6 %.
  • Kaffe kan mycket väl utvecklas positivt framöver till följd av låg produktion ibland annat Guatemala. Plantorna har i dessa regioner angripits av mögel vilket dämpar tillgången.

Prisutveckling på kaffePrognoser på kaffepriset år 2013

[box]Denna uppdatering är producerat av SIP Nordic och publiceras i samarbete och med tillstånd på Råvarumarknaden.se[/box]

Ansvarsbegränsning

Detta produktblad utgör endast marknadsföring och har sammanställts av SIP Nordic Fondkommission AB.

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Innehållet ger inte fullständig information avseende det finansiella instrumentet. Investerare uppmanas att del av prospekt och slutliga villkor, vilka finns tillgängliga på: www.rbsbank.se/markets, innan ett investeringsbeslut tas.

Förekommande exempel är simulerade och baseras på SIP Nordics egna beräkningar och antaganden, en person som använder andra data eller antaganden kan nå andra resultat. Administrativa avgifter och transaktionsavgifter påverkar den faktiska avkastningen.

Analys

Very relaxed at USD 75/b. Risk barometer will likely fluctuate to higher levels with Brent into the 80ies or higher coming 2-3 weeks

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Brent rallied 12% last week. But closed the week below USD 75/b and it is still there. Very relaxed. Brent crude rallied 12% to USD 78.5/b in the early hours of Friday as Israel attacked Iran. The highest level since 27 January this year. The level didn’t hold and Brent closed the day at USD 74.23/b which was up 5.7% on the day and 11.7% on the week. On Friday it was still very unclear how extensive and lasting this war between Iran and Israel would be. Energy assets in Iran had still not been touched and Iran had not targeted other Middle East countries’ energy assets or US military bases in the region. As such, the Brent crude closed the week comfortably at around USD 75/b. Which one cannot argue is very much of a stressed price level. 

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Israel is targeting Iran’s domestic energy infrastructure. Not its energy export facilities. For now. Over the weekend Israel has widened its targets to include fuel depots in Tehran, refineries supplying Iran domestically and also a processing plant at Iran’s South Pars gas field – the world’s largest. So far it appears that Israel has refrained from hurting Iranian oil and gas export facilities. Maybe adhering to Trump’s whish of low oil prices. Trump has been begging for a lower oil price. Would be very frustrating for him if Israel started to blow up Iran’s export facilities. Focus instead looks to be on Iran’s domestic energy supply and infrastructure. To weaken and disable the operations of Iran as a country while leaving Iran’s energy export facilities intact for now at least. That is probably why Brent crude this morning is only trading at USD 74.9/b with little change from Friday. An incredible relaxed price level given what is going on in the Middle East. 

Israel seems to try to do to Iran what Israel recently did to Lebanon. Israel now seems to have close to total control of the Iranian air space. So called ”Air Supremacy” something which is rarely achieved according to Phillips P. O’Brian (see comment on this below with link). This is giving Israel close to total freedom in the airspace over Iran. Israel now seems to try to do to Iran what Israel recently did to Lebanon. Take out military and political commanders. Take out the air defenses. Then grind the rest of its defensive capacities to the ground over some time.

Continuous pressure. No rest. No letting up for several weeks seems likely. The current situation is a very rare opportunity for Israel to attack Iran with full force. Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, Iranian strongholds in Syria, are all severely weakened or disabled. And now also Air Supremacy of the airspace over Iran. It is natural to assume that Israel will not let this opportunity pass. As such it will likely continue with full force over several weeks to come, at least, with Israel grinding down the rest of Iran’s defensive capabilities and domestic energy supply facilities as far as possible. Continuous pressure. No rest. No letting up.

What to do with Fordow? Will Iran jump to weapons grade uranium? The big question is of course Iran’s nuclear facilities. Natanz with 16,000 enrichment centrifuges was destroyed by Israel on Friday. It was only maximum 20 meters below ground. It was where Iran had mass enrichment to low enrichment levels. Fordow is a completely different thing. It is 500 meters deep under a mountain. It is where enrichment towards weapons grade Uranium takes place. Iran today has 408 kg of highly enriched uranium (IAEA) which can be enriched to weapons grade. It is assumed that Iran will only need 2-3 days to make 25 kg of weapons grade uranium and three weeks to make enough for 9 nuclear warheads. How Israel decides to deal with Fordow is the big question. Ground forces? Help from the US?

Also, if Iran is pushed to the end of the line, then it might decide to enrich to weapons grade which again will lead to a cascade of consequences.

Brent is extremely relaxed at USD 75/b. But at times over coming 2-3 weeks the risk barometer will likely move higher with Brent moving into the 80ies or higher. The oil price today is extremely relaxed with the whole thing. Lots of OPEC+ spare capacity allows loss of Iranian oil exports. Israeli focus on Iran’s domestic energy systems rather than on its exports facilities is also soothing the market. But at times over the coming two, three weeks the risk barometer will likely move significantly higher as it might seem like the situation in the Middle East may move out of control. So Brent into the 80ies or higher seems highly likely in the weeks to come. At times at least. And if it all falls apart, the oil price will of course move well above 100.

Phillips P. OBrien on ”Air Supremacy” (embedded link): Air power historian Philip Meilinger: ”Air Superiority is defined as being able to conduct air operations “without prohibitive interference by the opposing force.” Air Supremacy goes further, wherein the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference.”

Thus, air supremacy is an entirely different beast from air superiority. It occurs when one power basically controls the skies over an enemy, and can operate practically anywhere/time that it wants without much fear of enemy interference in its operations.

The US had Air Supremacy over Germany in the second World War, but only at the very end when it was close to over. It only had Air Superiority in the Vietnam war, but not Supremacy. During Desert Storm in 1990-1991 however it did have Supremacy with devastating consequences for the enemy. (last paragraph is a condensed summary).

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Analys

Brent needs to fall to USD 58/b to make cheating unprofitable for Kazakhstan

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Brent jumping 2.4% as OPEC+ lifts quota by ”only” 411 kb/d in July. Brent crude is jumping 2.4% this morning to USD 64.3/b following the decision by OPEC+ this weekend to lift the production cap of ”Voluntary 8” (V8) by 411 kb/d in July and not more as was feared going into the weekend. The motivation for the triple hikes of 411 kb/d in May and June and now also in July has been a bit unclear: 1) Cheating by Kazakhstan and Iraq, 2) Muhammed bin Salman listening to Donald Trump for more oil and a lower oil price in exchange for weapons deals and political alignments in the Middle East and lastly 3) Higher supply to meet higher demand for oil this summer. The argument that they are taking back market share was already decided in the original plan of unwinding the 2.2 mb/d of V8 voluntary cuts by the end of 2026. The surprise has been the unexpected speed with monthly increases of 3×137 kb/d/mth rather than just 137 kb/d monthly steps.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

No surplus yet. Time-spreads tightened last week. US inventories fell the week before last. In support of point 3) above it is worth noting that the Brent crude oil front-end backwardation strengthened last week (sign of tightness) even when the market was fearing for a production hike of more than 411 kb/d for July. US crude, diesel and gasoline stocks fell the week before last with overall commercial stocks falling 0.7 mb versus a normal rise this time of year of 3-6 mb per week. So surplus is not here yet. And more oil from OPEC+ is welcomed by consumers.

Saudi Arabia calling the shots with Russia objecting. This weekend however we got to know a little bit more. Saudi Arabia was predominantly calling the shots and decided the outcome. Russia together with Oman and Algeria opposed the hike in July and instead argued for zero increase. What this alures to in our view is that it is probably the cheating by Kazakhstan and Iraq which is at the heart of the unexpectedly fast monthly increases. Saudi Arabia cannot allow it to be profitable for the individual members to cheat. And especially so when Kazakhstan explicitly and blatantly rejects its quota obligation stating that they have no plans of cutting production from 1.77 mb/d to 1.47 mb/d. And when not even Russia is able to whip Kazakhstan into line, then the whole V8 project is kind of over.

Is it simply a decision by Saudi Arabia to unwind faster altogether? What is still puzzling though is that despite the three monthly hikes of 411 kb/d, the revival of the 2.2 mb/d of voluntary production cuts is still kind of orderly. Saudi Arabia could have just abandoned the whole V8 project from one month to the next. But we have seen no explicit communication that the plan of reviving the cuts by the end of 2026 has been abandoned. It may be that it is simply a general change of mind by Saudi Arabia where the new view is that production cuts altogether needs to be unwinded sooner rather than later. For Saudi Arabia it means getting its production back up to 10 mb/d. That implies first unwinding the 2.2 mb/d and then the next 1.6 mb/d.

Brent would likely crash with a fast unwind of 2.2 + 1.6 mb/d by year end. If Saudi Arabia has decided on a fast unwind it would meant that the group would lift the quotas by 411 kb/d both in August and in September. It would then basically be done with the 2.2 mb/d revival. Thereafter directly embark on reviving the remaining 1.6 mb/d. That would imply a very sad end of the year for the oil price. It would then probably crash in Q4-25. But it is far from clear that this is where we are heading.

Brent needs to fall to USD 58/b or lower to make it unprofitable for Kazakhstan to cheat. To make it unprofitable for Kazakhstan to cheat. Kazakhstan is currently producing 1.77 mb/d versus its quota which before the hikes stood at 1.47 kb/d. If they had cut back to the quota level they might have gotten USD 70/b or USD 103/day. Instead they choose to keep production at 1.77 mb/d. For Saudi Arabia to make it a loss-making business for Kazakhstan to cheat the oil price needs to fall below USD 58/b ( 103/1.77).

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Analys

All eyes on OPEC V8 and their July quota decision on Saturday

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Tariffs or no tariffs played ping pong with Brent crude yesterday. Brent crude traded to a joyous high of USD 66.13/b yesterday as a US court rejected Trump’s tariffs. Though that ruling was later overturned again with Brent closing down 1.2% on the day to USD 64.15/b. 

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

US commercial oil inventories fell 0.7 mb last week versus a seasonal normal rise of 3-6 mb. US commercial crude and product stocks fell 0.7 mb last week which is fairly bullish since the seasonal normal is for a rise of  4.3 mb. US crude stocks fell 2.8 mb, Distillates fell 0.7 mb and Gasoline stocks fell 2.4 mb.

All eyes are now on OPEC V8 (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Algeria, Russia, Oman, Kazakhstan) which will make a decision tomorrow on what to do with production for July. Overall they are in a process of placing 2.2 mb/d of cuts back into the market over a period stretching out to December 2026. Following an expected hike of 137 kb/d in April they surprised the market by lifting production targets by 411 kb/d for May and then an additional 411 kb/d again for June. It is widely expected that the group will decide to lift production targets by another 411 kb/d also for July. That is probably mostly priced in the market. As such it will probably not have all that much of a bearish bearish price impact on Monday if they do.

It is still a bit unclear what is going on and why they are lifting production so rapidly rather than at a very gradual pace towards the end of 2026. One argument is that the oil is needed in the market as Middle East demand rises sharply in summertime. Another is that the group is partially listening to Donald Trump which has called for more oil and a lower price. The last is that Saudi Arabia is angry with Kazakhstan which has produced 300 kb/d more than its quota with no indications that they will adhere to their quota.

So far we have heard no explicit signal from the group that they have abandoned the plan of measured increases with monthly assessments so that the 2.2 mb/d is fully back in the market by the end of 2026. If the V8 group continues to lift quotas by 411 kb/d every month they will have revived the production by the full 2.2 mb/d already in September this year. There are clearly some expectations in the market that this is indeed what they actually will do. But this is far from given. Thus any verbal wrapping around the decision for July quotas on Saturday will be very important and can have a significant impact on the oil price. So far they have been tightlipped beyond what they will do beyond the month in question and have said nothing about abandoning the ”gradually towards the end of 2026” plan. It is thus a good chance that they will ease back on the hikes come August, maybe do no changes for a couple of months or even cut the quotas back a little if needed.

Significant OPEC+ spare capacity will be placed back into the market over the coming 1-2 years. What we do know though is that OPEC+ as a whole as well as the V8 subgroup specifically have significant spare capacity at hand which will be placed back into the market over the coming year or two or three. Probably an increase of around 3.0 – 3.5 mb/d. There is only two ways to get it back into the market. The oil price must be sufficiently low so that 1) Demand growth is stronger and 2) US shale oil backs off. In combo allowing the spare capacity back into the market.

Low global inventories stands ready to soak up 200-300 mb of oil. What will cushion the downside for the oil price for a while over the coming year is that current, global oil inventories are low and stand ready to soak up surplus production to the tune of 200-300 mb.

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