Analys
SIP Nordic – Råvaruguiden – juni 2013

Silver – gulds vilda lillebror
Silver är med största sannolikhet en av de mest volatila av världens populära marknader. När silver rör sig, rör sig silver snabbt. Både stora vinster och förluster kan ske under loppet av några veckor, vilket kan vara spännande eller skräckinjagande beroende på vilken sida du sitter på.
Silver har haft en tuff start på året med en nedgång på drygt 25 %. Samtidigt har guld tappat runt 17 %. En skillnad på 8 procentenheter. Silver en guldprodukt med hävstång
Att silver tappat mer än guld är ingen slump. Silver omnämns inte så ofta i medier. Däremot skrivs det och analyseras det kring gulds vara och inte vara och här finns det gott om information att hämta. För att följa silvers utveckling räcker det att kolla på guld.
Silver kan beskrivas som gulds vilda lillebror som gärna gör som storebror men lite yvigare. Med andra ord brukar silver följa guldets dagliga utveckling men med större rörelser.
Om man kollar på hur den dagliga utvecklingen för guld och silver varit sedan januari 2012 styrks ovanstående teori.
Av de totalt 369 handelsdagarna rörde sig guld och silver åt samma håll i 289 dagar av dessa. Nästan 80 % av dagarna.
Kollar man sedan vidare på de dagar då guld och silver rörde sig åt samma håll överpresterade silver guld 222 dagar av dessa eller 80 % av dagarna.
Värt att notera är att de dagar som guld och silver rör sig åt samma håll rör sig silver 3,3 gånger kraftigare i snitt. Således är silver en guldprodukt med hävstång.
Egentligen är det inte så konstigt att detta fenomen finns. I vår Tradingklubb på tisdagar pratar vi ofta om att man inte ska gå emot marknadsklimatet. Med det menas att man inte ska ta en position i en aktie i motsatt riktning som OMXS30 trendar. Så gäller nog även silver och guld. Frågan är hur många stora investerare som vågar gå lång i silver samtidigt som guld går ned och vice versa.
Alexander Frick
Råvaror – Energi
Brent olja
- Berg och dalbanan fortsätter. Under maj har brent ökat med 2,2 %. För året är dock brent ned knappa 6 %.
- Oljan kämpar mot rapporter från OECD och IMF om att Kinas tillväxt ser sämre ut.
- Vidare så håller ökade lager priset nere.
- Ökad oro för åtstramningar på tillgångssidan till följd av oroligheter i mellanöstern motarbetar de negativa nyheterna.
- Utvecklingen för USD och huruvida FED kommer fortsätta med sitt QE kommer styra mycket för oljans fortsatta utveckling.
Naturgas
- Naturgas starka trend fortsätter. Trots en rekyl under maj månad är trenden fortsatt uppåt.
- Naturgas tappade ca 3.5 % under maj men är för året ändå upp nästan 30 %.
- Rekylen under maj månad kan mycket väl ha varit hälsosam och skapat en ny högre botten.
- Ökningen av lagrad naturgas är nu på mycket låga nivåer. De lägsta på fem år.
- Återigen är det vädret i USA som till stor del driver uppgången. En vinter som var kallare än normalt har nu skiftet till en varmare vår vilket gör att bränsle krävs för kylsystem.
Råvaror – Metaller
Guld
- Dödskorset (50D- korsar 200D-medelvärde uppifrån) i februari visade sig ge ordentligt med bränsle åt nedgången.
- Under maj fortsatte nedgången och guld gick ned 4,7 %. För året är guld ned 15 %.
- Viktig nivå kring $1350. Återstår att se om denna nivå skapat en dubbelbotten.
- Medierapportering om att FED skulle ge upp sitt stödköpsprogram har inte hjälpt guldkursen. FED fortsätter att pumpa in smått otroliga $85 miljarder USD och håller räntan låg.
- Riskaptiten är fortsatt hög varför mycket guld säljs av för inslussning i aktiemarknaden.
Silver
- Som jag skrev i min krönika följer silver guld slaviskt.
- För maj månad är silver ned dryga 8 % och för året är silver ned 25 %.
- Likt guld tar silver stryk av att riskaptiten fortsatt är hög och behovet av en ”säker hamn” är svalt.
- Silver har den senaste tiden testat stödet vid $22. Intressant nivå att bevaka den närmsta tiden.
Platina
- Platina fortsätter att prisa högre än guld. Under maj är priset på platina ned knappa 3 %.
- För året är platina ned knappa 4 %.
- Till skillnad från guld och silver drivs platina till största del av industriell efterfrågan. Bilindustrin (autokatalysatorer) går knackigt vilket trycker ner platina.
- Spekulanter ligger i övervikt i korta positioner vilket kan tala för en fortsatt nedgång.
Koppar
- Under maj ökade koppar med 4 %. För året är dock koppar ned dryga 8 %.
- Rapporter om sämre kinesisk tillväxt pressar priset nedåt.
- Under maj månad kan vi dock ha sett ett trendskifte.
- FED flaggar för att ekonomin återhämtar sig vilket kan hjälpa kopparn. Dessutom har två ras i stora gruvor skapat ett litet stopp i produktionsledet vilket drar ned tillgången.
Zink
- Utsikten för basmetaller har ljusnat något. Under maj är zink oförändrat vilket är bra med tanke på att zink tappat 9 %.
- Motståndet kring $1800 har visat sig hålla och likt koppar kan ett trendskifte var på gång. Rekyler värda att bevaka.
- Ytterligare fakta som talar för en vändning är att lagren av zink nu är de lägsta på tre år.
Nickel
- För nickel går det tyngre. Ett dödskors i april kan mycket väl vara starten på fortsatt nedgång.
- Nickel är för året ned drygt 14 %.
- Under maj tappade nickel nästan 3 %.
- Nickel presterade sämst av alla basmetaller under 2012. Slutsiffran blev -8 % för 2012.
- Nickelmarknaden är fortsatt mättad med ökande lager.
- Många stora projekt inom nickelproduktion är redan finansierade och irreversibla vilket kommer att öka tillgången av nickel ytterligare.
Råvaror – Jordbruk
Socker
- Sockers kräftgång fortsätter. Sedan oktober förra året är sockerpriset ned 23 %.
- För året är sockerpriset ned drygt 14 % och maj var inte bättre. Ned 5 %.
- En anledning till det fortsatta prisfallet är att nuvarande nivåer inte motiverar sockerproduktion. Andra grödor eller etanol ses som mer attraktiva.
- Socker har befunnit sig i en negativ trend i snart 2 år. Det är fortfarande långt ned till bottennivåerna där det återigen blir attraktivt för ett köp.
Bomull
- Bomullspriset utvecklades starkt under början av 2013. Nu har dock priset fallit sedan i mars och trenden börjar så smått peka nedåt.
- För året är priset på bomull upp 7,8 %.
- Sedan toppen i mars är dock bomull ned med 12 % vilket visar att säljarna återigen kopplat greppet. Även i maj har de haft kontrollen. Bomull tappade i maj 5 %.
Majs
- Sedan förra sommarens kraftiga uppgång till följd av dålig skörd har majs befunnit sig i en negativ trend.
- För året har majs tappat 4 %.
- Under maj månad tappade majs knappa 3 %.
- För många spannmål väntas goda eller mycket goda skördar vilket kan trycka ned priset ytterligare.
Vete
- För vete gäller samma sak. Sedan förra sommarens topp är trenden negativ.
- God skörd väntas även här så försiktighet gäller.
- För året är vete ned 11 %.
- Under maj är priset på vete ned något.
Apelsinjuice
- Vi har länge bevakat apelsinjuice i Tradingklubben.
- För året är apelsinjuice upp 20 %.
- I maj är priset upp 5 %.
- Floridas citrusodlare brottas just nu med det allvarligaste hotet det någonsin stått inför, en bakteriell sjukdom utan botemedel som har smittat samtliga de 31 länen i vilka det odlas apelsiner och citroner.
Kaffe
- Kaffe ligger fortfarande i en långsiktigt nedåtgående trend.
- För året är kaffe ned 13 %. I maj stannade nedgången på hela 11 %
- Likt apelsinjuice kämpar dock odlare med sjukdomar. Något som kanske kan vända trenden.
- Växtsjukdomen Roya, också känt som kafferost eller kaffebladssvamp, är en liten orangefärgad svamp som nu har nått Centralamerika.
[box]Denna uppdatering är producerat av SIP Nordic och publiceras i samarbete och med tillstånd på Råvarumarknaden.se[/box]
Ansvarsbegränsning
Detta produktblad utgör endast marknadsföring och har sammanställts av SIP Nordic Fondkommission AB.
Innehållet ger inte fullständig information avseende det finansiella instrumentet. Investerare uppmanas att del av prospekt och slutliga villkor, vilka finns tillgängliga på: www.rbsbank.se/markets, innan ett investeringsbeslut tas.
Förekommande exempel är simulerade och baseras på SIP Nordics egna beräkningar och antaganden, en person som använder andra data eller antaganden kan nå andra resultat. Administrativa avgifter och transaktionsavgifter påverkar den faktiska avkastningen.
Analys
How renewable fuels are accelerating the decarbonisation of transport

On 16 November 2022, UK’s Royal Air Force (RAF) Voyager aircraft, the military variant of the Airbus A330, took to the skies for 90 minutes over Oxfordshire. What looked like a routine test flight in its outward appearance was ultimately deemed ground-breaking. Why? It was a world-first military transporter aircraft flight, and the first of any aircraft type in the UK to be completed using 100% sustainable jet fuel.

What are renewable fuels?
Renewable hydrocarbon biofuels (also called green or drop-in biofuels) are fuels produced from biomass sources through a variety of biological, thermal, and chemical processes. These products are chemically identical to petroleum gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel.
In other words, renewable fuels are sources of energy chemically identical to fossil fuels but produced from domestic, commercial, or agricultural waste (see Figure 1 below).
Figure 1: Converting waste into energy

Why the excitement?
Renewable fuels, like renewable diesel and sustainable jet fuel, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 80-90% compared to fossil fuels. And because they burn much cleaner, engine filters remain cleaner for longer reducing the need for maintenance. Furthermore, given used cooking oil, vegetable oil, processing waste, and animal fat waste are used as inputs, the production of these fuels reduces biowaste, thereby cutting emissions from landfills.
This makes renewable fuels a key component of the circular economy. Humans have largely operated on the linear model historically when it comes to utilising natural resources. The circular model, in contrast, is much less wasteful and seeks to recycle as much as possible (see Figure 2 below).
Figure 2: The Circular Economy

The most exciting thing about renewable fuels is the immediacy with which they can make an impact. The reason why they are referred to as drop-in fuels is that they can replace fossil fuels in internal combustion engines with little or no modification required. So, if supply was abundant enough, forms of transport which cannot be electrified easily like heavy duty trucks, ships, and aeroplanes can be switched across to renewable fuels making a significant improvement to the environmental footprint. According to BP, “A return flight between London and San Francisco has a carbon footprint per economy ticket of nearly 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent. With the aviation industry expected to double to over 8 billion passengers by 2050, it is essential that we act to reduce aviation’s carbon emissions.”
The challenge
Renewable fuels or biofuels are still in their infancy. This means the obvious hurdle to overcome is cost competitiveness with fossil fuels. Cost estimates vary, but figures from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) provide a useful sense for the ballpark. In May 2022, IATA stated that the average worldwide price of jet fuel is about $4.15 per gallon compared to the US average price of a gallon of sustainable aviation fuel, which is about $8.67.
So, roughly double the price of the incumbent polluting technology. This is not a bad starting point at all. Considering how rapidly the cost of energy storage in batteries has fallen in the last decade, renewable fuels could become competitive quite soon if sufficient investment is made and economies of scale are achieved. IATA also predicts that renewable fuels could make up 2% of all aviation fuels by 2025, which could become a tipping point in their competitiveness.
Businesses are acting
Businesses pursuing their own net zero targets have already started exploring renewable fuels to minimise their waste. Darling Ingredients Inc, which produces its trademark Diamond Green Diesel from recycled animal fats, inedible corn oil, and used cooking oil, was chosen by fast food chain Chick-fil-A in March 2022 to turn its used cooking oil into clean transportation fuel.
Similarly, McDonald’s entered into a partnership with Neste Corporation in 2020 to convert its used vegetable oil into renewable diesel and fuel the trucks that make deliveries to its restaurants. According to TortoiseEcofin, both Darling Ingredients and Neste have a net negative carbon footprint given emissions produced by these businesses are lower that the emissions avoided because of their renewable fuels.
A final word
Renewable fuels alone will not tackle climate change. No single solution can. But they can help us make meaningful progress. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasises how crucial it is for the world to halve its greenhouse gas emissions this decade to at least have a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5oC. This means that solutions with an immediate effect have an important role to play. Biofuels can cut emissions from waste in landfills and provide much cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels to help accelerate the world’s decarbonisation efforts. They don’t require different engines to be of use. They just need funding to reach scale.
Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree
Analys
SEB Metals Weekly: China Covid exit is bullish for metals

China Covid exit is bullish for metals
Softer inflation, slight macro-optimism, and China taking a rapid exit from Covid restrictions. Markets have become more optimistic. Inflation indices have eased and that has created some hopes that central banks won’t lift interest to a level that will kill the economy in 2023. Natural gas prices in Europe have fallen sharply. This has suddenly reduced energy-inflationary pressure and removed the direst downside economic risks for the region. But general market optimism is far from super-strong yet. The S&P 500 index has only gained 1.9% since our previous forecast on 1 Nov 2021, and oil prices are down nearly 10% in a reflection of concerns for global growth. China has however removed all Covid-restrictions almost overnight. It is now set to move out of its three years of Covid-19 isolation and lockdowns at record speed. Industrial metals are up 20% and the Hong Kong equity index is up 40% as a result (since 1 Nov-22). China’s sudden and rapid Covid-19 exit is plain and simply bullish for the Chinese economy to the point that mobility indices are already rebounding quickly. SEB’s general view is that inflation impulses will fade quickly. No need then for central banks across the world to kill the global economy with further extreme rate hikes. These developments have removed much of the downside price risks for metals in 2023 and we have to a large degree shifted our 2024 forecast to 2023.
Lower transparency, more geopolitics, more borders, and higher prices and exponential spikes. The first decade of this century was about emerging markets, the BRICs, the commodity price boom, the commodity investment boom, and free markets with free flow of commodities and labor with China and Russia hand in hand with western countries walking towards the future. High capex spending in the first decade led to plentiful supply and low prices for commodities from 2011 to 2020. A world of plenty, friends everywhere, free flow of everything, and no need to worry. The coming decade will likely be very different. Supply growth will struggle due to mediocre capex spending over the past 10 years. Prices will on average be significantly higher. There will be frequent exponential price spikes whenever demand hits supply barriers. Price transparency will be significantly reduced due to borders, taxes, sanctions, geopolitical alignments, and carbon intensities. Prices will be much less homogenous. Aluminium will no longer be just one price and one quality. Who made it, where was it made, where will it be consumed and what the carbon content will create a range of prices. Same for most other metals.
Copper: Struggling supply and China revival propel copper prices higher. Unrest in Peru is creating significant supply risks for copper as the country accounts for 10% of the global supply. Chile accounts for 27% of global production. Production there is disappointing with Codelco, the Chilean state-owned copper mining company, struggling to hit production targets. The Cobre Panama mine in Panama is at risk of being closed over a tax dispute between Quantum and the government. Cobre Panama is one of the biggest new mines globally over the past 10 years. The rapid exit from Covid restrictions in China is bullish for the Chinese economy and thus for copper demand and it has helped to propel prices higher along with the mentioned supply issues. The Chinese property market will continue to struggle, and it normally accounts for 20% of global copper demand while China accounted for 55% of global copper demand in 2021. While China is no longer prioritizing the housing market it is full speed ahead for solar, wind, EVs, and electrification in general. So, weakening Chinese copper demand from housing will likely be replaced by the new prioritized growth sectors. Global supply growth is likely going to be muted in the decade to come while demand growth will be somewhere between a normal 3% pa. to a strong 4% pa. to a very strong 5% pa. Copper prices will be high, and demand will hit the supply barrier repeatedly with exponential spikes as the world is working hard to accelerate the energy transition. Copper prices could easily spike to USD 15-16,000/ton nearest years.
Nickel: Tight high-quality nickel market but a surplus for a low-quality nickel. Nickel production is growing aggressively in Indonesia. The country is projected to account for 60-70% of global supply in 2030. This will become a huge and extremely concentrated geopolitical risk for the world’s consumers of nickel. Indonesia has an abundance of low-grade C2 nickel. The challenge is to convert low-quality C2 nickel to high-quality C1. We are set for a surplus of C2 nickel but the market for C1 nickel will depend strongly on the conversion capacity for C2 to C1. Low price transparency will also help to send prices flying between USD 20,000/ton and USD 30,000/ton. Strong growth in nickel production in Indonesia should initially call for prices down to USD 20,000/ton. But Indonesia is a price setter. It will account for 50% of global supply in 2023. It doesn’t make sense for Indonesia to kill the nickel price. If the nickel price drops, then Indonesia could quickly regulate supply. There should be a premium to nickel due to this. As a result, we expect the nickel price to average USD 24,000/ton in 2023. C2 to C1 conversion capacity may be strained and there should also be a monopoly premium due to the size of Indonesia. Converting C2 to C1 is however extremely carbon intensive and that could be an increasing issue in the years to come.
Zinc: Super-tight global market. European LME inventories are ZERO and zinc smelters there are still closed. European zinc smelters account for 16% of global zinc smelter capacity. Most of this was closed over the past year due to extremely high energy prices. European LME zinc stockpiles are now down to a stunning zero! The global zinc market is extremely tight. Reopening of European zinc smelting seems unlikely in H1-23 with a continued super-tight market as a result both in Europe and globally.
Aluminium: Price likely to be in the range of USD 2400 – 3200/ton and line with coal prices in China. Aluminium prices have historically been tightly tied to the price of coal. But coal prices have been all over the place since the start of 2021 with huge price differences between Amsterdam, Australia, and domestic Chinese coal prices which are now largely state-controlled. China banning imports of Australian coal, the Chinese energy crisis in 2021, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 are ingredients here. This sent aluminium prices flying high and low. Coal prices in China today imply a price of aluminium between USD 2400/ton and 3150/ton with the LME 3mth aluminium price nicely in between at USD 2590/ton. The global coal market should now become more orderly as China now again is accepting Australian coal. Energy costs have fallen sharply in Europe and some producers in the Netherlands have talked about possible restarts of production. China is likely to reduce its exports of primary aluminium. Energy security of supply is high on the agenda in China, and it makes no sense to emit lots of CO2 in China and indirectly export energy in the form of primary aluminium. Growth in non-China aluminium demand in the years to come will have to be covered by non-China producers which have the potential to force prices higher and away from coal as the price driver. While LME has one price for the 3mth aluminium price we’ll likely get larger and larger price differences across the world in the form of possibly extreme price premiums for example in the EU and the US.

Analys
Solid demand growth and strained supply to push Brent above USD 100/b


Brent crude had a strong end of the year as it traded at the highest level since 1 December. It is a slow start to the new year due to bank holidays and Dated Brent trades close to USD 85/b. It averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We expect it to average more than USD 100/b on average for the coming year amid strained supply and rebounding demand. Chinese oil demand is set to recover strongly along with re-openings while non-OECD will continue to move higher. At the moment oil looks absurdly cheap as it is cheaper than natural gas in both EU and Japan and also cheaper than coal in Australia.
Some price strength at the end of the year. The Dated Brent crude oil price index gained 2.3% on Friday with a close at USD 84.97/b. It was the highest close since 1 December. This morning it is trading slightly lower at USD 84.8/b but the market is basically void of action due to bank holidays.

Gloom and doom but IEA, OPEC and US EIA project global crude oil demand to rise between 1 m b/d and 2.2 m b/d YoY in 2023. They also expect call-on-OPEC to rise between 0.3 m b/d and 1.0 m b/d. The US EIA projects demand to increase 1 m b/d in 2023 on the back of a growth of 1.3 m b/d in non-OECD where demand in India rises by 0.2 m b/d and China by 0.6 m b/d. In China this is of course to a large degree due to re-opening after Covid-19 lock-downs. But it is still a good reminder of the low base of oil demand in non-OECD versus OECD. India last year consumed 5 m b/d which only amounts to 1.3 b/capita/year versus a world average of 4.5 b/capita/year and European demand of 10 b/capita/year. Even China is still below the world average as its demand in 2022 stood at 15.2 m b/d or 4.0 b/capita/yr. Non-OECD oil demand thus still has a long way to go in terms of oil demand and that is probably one of the things we’ll be reminded of in 2023 as Covid-19 lock-downs disappear entirely.
Solid demand growth in the face of strained supply. Important to remember is that the world has lost a huge amount of fossil supply from Russia due to the war in Ukraine. First in terms of natural gas where supply to the EU and thus to the world has declined by some 2.5 m boe/d versus pre-war levels. Secondly in terms of crude and products. The latter is of course a constant guessing game in terms of how much Russian crude and product exports has declined. The US EIA however projects that crude oil production in the Former Soviet Union will be down 2 m b/d in 2023 versus pre-Covid levels and down 1.3 m b/d YoY from 2022 to 2023. We are thus talking up to 4.5 m boe/d of lost supply from Russia/FSU. That is a huge loss. It is the reason why coal prices are still trading at USD 200 – 400/ton versus normal USD 85/ton as coal is an alternative to very expensive natural gas.
Overall for 2023 we are looking at a market where we’ll have huge losses in supply of fossil energy supply from Russia while demand for oil is set to rebound solidly (+1.0 – 2.2 m b/d) along with steady demand growth in non-OECD plus a jump in demand from China due to Covid-19 reopening. Need for oil from OPEC is set to rise by up to 1.0 m b/d YoY while the group’s spare capacity is close to exhausted.
We expect Brent crude to average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Despite all the macro economic gloom and doom due to inflation and rising interest rates we cannot help having a positive view for crude oil prices for the year to come due to the above reasons. The Dated Brent crude oil price index averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We think Brent crude will average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Oil is today absurdly cheap at USD 85/b. It is cheaper than both coal in Australia and natural gas both in Japan and the EU. This is something you hardly ever see. The energy market will work hard to consume more what is cheap (oil) and less of what is expensive (nat gas and coal).
Latest forecasts by IEA, OPEC and US EIA for oil demand growth and call-on-OPEC YoY for 2023. Solid demand growth and rising need for oil from OPEC.

Oil demand projections from the main agencies and estimated call-on-OPEC. More demand and higher need for oil from OPEC

EIA STEO projected change in oil demand for different countries and regions YoY to 2023

US EIA Dec STEO forecast for FSU oil production. Solid decline projected for 2023.

US commercial crude and product stocks still below normal

Total US crude and product stocks including SPR. Declining, declining, declining.

US crude and product inventories both excluding and including Strategic Petroleum Reserves

US oil sales from US SPR is now coming to an end. Will make the market feel much tighter as it really is.

Brent crude oil is absurdly cheap as it today trades below both Australian coal and natural gas in both Japan and the EU. Coal and natural gas prices should trade lower while oil should trade higher.

EU diesel prices versus natural gas prices. Could start to move towards a more natural price-balance in terms of substitution.

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