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SHB Råvarukommentar 19 februari 2016

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Handelsbanken - Råvarubrevet - Nyhetsbrev om råvaror

Kvartalsrapport för råvaror från HandelsbankenOLJA

Brentoljan ser ut att sluta veckan i princip oförändrad, vilket dock döljer stor volatilitet i spåren av avtalet om att frysa produktionen. En uppgörelse mellan Saudiarabien, Ryssland, Venezuela och Qatar fick priset att stiga med 7% i onsdags. Vi bedömer att den prisuppgång som skett är en riskpremie för att Iran eller Irak ansluter sig. Saudiarabien fryser sin produktion på rekordnivåer men kungadömet konsumerar säsongsmässigt mer olja för kylbehov under sommaren och därmed finns det en risk att exporten blir något mindre under sommarmånaderna med avtalet på plats. Det kan dock komma att kompenseras av lägre konsumtion i spåren av budgetunderskott och senaste nedskärningarna på subventioner i el, vatten och petroleum.

Även Ryssland fryser på rekordnivåer men Ryssland har inte förutsättningar att öka produktionen under sanktionerna. Bibehållen produktion vore en positiv överraskning. Med budgetunderskott tror vi att fallande produktion ändå kan leda till stigande export, till priset av minskad inhemsk konsumtion.Qatar har relativt liten oljeproduktion, men är världens största exportör av naturgas som prisas mot olja. Qatar vill därför alltid medverka i prisstärkande aktiviteter på olja då inkomstbortfallet kompenseras flerfaldigat i högre pris på naturgasexporten. För Iran är det otänkbart att frysa produktionen då landet har ambitioner att återta sin förlorade marknad under sanktionerna men självklart kommer landet uttala sig positivt till att andra fryser.

Irak har relativt stora planer på att expandera produktionen i år. Projekten är redan upphandlade och under utbyggnad vilket gör att de inte går att avbryta. Att minska befintlig produktion samtidigt som man bygger ut ny verkar inte rimligt. Irak har också varit undantaget OPEC:s produktionskvot, när den fanns, för att kunna återuppbygga produktionen efter USA invasionen 2003.

Sammantaget tycker vi inte att avtalet har någon större innebörd och ser en risk att riskpremien från att Iran eller Irak ska ansluta sig till avtalet pyser ut nästa vecka. En viss riskpremie ser vi dock som motiverad av att Ryssland faktiskt slutit avtal med OPEC.

EL

Elpriset som fallit kraftigt under inledningen av året, -17 procent för Q216, vände denna vecka upp med närmare 2 euro till 16.50. Kallare väderutsikter framöver i kombination med stigande pris på tysk baskraft samt fossila bränslen är det som främst drivit uppgången. Även om de fossila bränslena fått stöd av den lite bredare uppgången befinner sig dock både kolet och gasen i en stark nedåtgående trend, kol har fallit 68% sedan toppen 2011 och gaspriset har nästan halverats. Svårt att se att någon av dessa faktorer kan generera någon större uppgång och inte heller från den hydrologiska balansen som visar på närmare 10 TWh överskott, men med stöd från en del ”bargain hunting” kan elpriset stiga ytterligare någon från dessa förhållandevis låga nivåer.

Guld

Guldpriset har fallit något under veckan när börsen rusat men har fortfarande stigit över 15% under 2016. Amerikanska centralbanken har tagit notis om senaste marknadsoron och marknaden har nu helt tappat tron på fler räntehöjningar det här året. Ytterligare räntehöjningar från Fed kan bromsa en uppgång för guldpriset, så en mindre hökaktig amerikansk centralbank är positivt.

Vi är fortsatt positiva på guld i den finansiellt oroliga miljö vi har, och guldet har i år stigit på egna meriter, inte enbart på en dollarförsvagning.

Basmetaller

Basmetaller har stigit över veckan, främst nickel som är upp med 7%. Huvudsakligen drivit av en omvändning i sentimentet kring råvaror men också förhoppningar om mer stimulanser i Kina efter svag makrodata.

Teknisk analys: Zink

Zink började året med en större uppgång från 1450-nivån. Den första uppgångsfasen ser ut att vara avslutad vid 1767, varefter zink har rekylerat. Rekylen stannade vid 38% rekyl av uppgången, en relativt vanlig fibonaccinivå. Detta skulle kunna innebära att rekylen ner är färdig och att zink kan vara på gång att göra en ny uppgångsfas. Ett vanligt samband för uppgångarna är att vi får en lika lång upprörelse som vi redan sett, vilket i det här fallet skulle innebära ett möjligt mål runt 1960 USD per ton.

Ett möjligt problem med detta scenario är att den första rekylen på en uppgång ofta är mer än 38%, det är vanligare med 50% eller 62% rekyl. Detta skulle kunna innebära att idén att zink har mer uppsidepotential är korrekt, men att rekylen ner på den första uppgången inte är färdig. Dock var många av rekylerna uppåt i zinks tidigare nedgång också av ganska beskedlig magnitud, vilket skulle kunna vara ett argument för att det kanske räcker med den rekyl vi har sett.

Utifrån ett tekniskt perspektiv anser vi zink köpvärd kring dagens nivå vid 1640 USD per ton, med en stopploss under den senaste botten vid 1640 USD med ett mål runt 1960 USD om uppgångsscenariot är korrekt.

LME Zink, 4 timmarsgraf

Teknisk analys på zink-priset (LME)

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Ansvarsbegränsning

Detta material är producerat av Svenska Handelsbanken AB (publ) i fortsättningen kallad Handelsbanken. De som arbetar med innehållet är inte analytiker och materialet är inte oberoende investeringsanalys. Innehållet är uteslutande avsett för kunder i Sverige. Syftet är att ge en allmän information till Handelsbankens kunder och utgör inte ett personligt investeringsråd eller en personlig rekommendation. Informationen ska inte ensamt utgöra underlag för investeringsbeslut. Kunder bör inhämta råd från sina rådgivare och basera sina investeringsbeslut utifrån egen erfarenhet.

Informationen i materialet kan ändras och också avvika från de åsikter som uttrycks i oberoende investeringsanalyser från Handelsbanken. Informationen grundar sig på allmänt tillgänglig information och är hämtad från källor som bedöms som tillförlitliga, men riktigheten kan inte garanteras och informationen kan vara ofullständig eller nedkortad. Ingen del av förslaget får reproduceras eller distribueras till någon annan person utan att Handelsbanken dessförinnan lämnat sitt skriftliga medgivande. Handelsbanken ansvarar inte för att materialet används på ett sätt som strider mot förbudet mot vidarebefordran eller offentliggörs i strid med bankens regler.

Analys

The Mid-East anchor dragging crude oil lower

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

When it starts to move lower it moves rather quickly. Gaza, China, IEA. Brent crude is down 2.1% today to $62/b after having traded as high as $66.58/b last Thursday and above $70/b in late September. The sell-off follows the truce/peace in Gaze, a flareup in US-China trade and yet another bearish oil outlook from the IEA.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

A lasting peace in Gaze could drive crude oil at sea to onshore stocks. A lasting peace in Gaza would probably calm down the Houthis and thus allow more normal shipments of crude oil to sail through the Suez Canal, the Red Sea and out through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait. Crude oil at sea has risen from 48 mb in April to now 91 mb versus a pre-Covid normal of about 50-60 mb. The rise to 91 mb is probably the result of crude sailing around Africa to be shot to pieces by the Houthis. If sailings were to normalize through the Suez Canal, then it could free up some 40 mb in transit at sea moving onshore into stocks.

The US-China trade conflict is of course bearish for demand if it continues.

Bearish IEA yet again. Getting closer to 2026. Credibility rises. We expect OPEC to cut end of 2025. The bearish monthly report from the IEA is what it is, but the closer we get to 2026, the more likely the IEA is of being ball-park right in its outlook. In its monthly report today the IEA estimates that the need for crude oil from OPEC in 2026 will be 25.4 mb/d versus production by the group in September of 29.1 mb/d. The group thus needs to do some serious cutting at the end of 2025 if it wants to keep the market balanced and avoid inventories from skyrocketing. Given that IEA is correct that is. We do however expect OPEC to implement cuts to avoid a large increase in inventories in Q1-26. The group will probably revert to cuts either at its early December meeting when they discuss production for January or in early January when they discuss production for February.  The oil price will likely head yet lower until the group reverts to cuts.

Dubai: The Mid-East anchor dragging crude oil lower. Surplus emerging in Mid-East pricing. Crude oil prices held surprisingly strong all through the summer. A sign and a key source of that strength came from the strength in the front-end backwardation of the Dubai crude oil curve. It held out strong from mid-June and all until late September with an average 1-3mth time-spread premium of $1.8/b from mid-June to end of September. The 1-3mth time-spreads for Brent and WTI however were in steady deterioration from late June while their flat prices probably were held up by the strength coming from the Persian Gulf. Then in late September the strength in the Dubai curve suddenly collapsed. Since the start of October it has been weaker than both the Brent and the WTI curves. The Dubai 1-3mth time-spread now only stands at $0.25/b. The Middle East is now exporting more as it is producing more and also consuming less following elevated summer crude burn for power (Aircon) etc.

The only bear-element missing is a sudden and solid rise in OECD stocks. The only thing that is missing for the bear-case everyone have been waiting for is a solid, visible rise in OECD stocks in general and US oil stocks specifically. So watch out for US API indications tomorrow and official US oil inventories on Thursday.

No sign of any kind of fire-sale of oil from Saudi Arabia yet. To what we can see, Saudi Arabia is not at all struggling to sell its oil. It only lowered its Official Selling Prices (OSPs) to Asia marginally for November. A surplus market + Saudi determination to sell its oil to the market would normally lead to a sharp lowering of Saudi OSPs to Asia. Not yet at least and not for November.

The 5yr contract close to fixed at $68/b. Of importance with respect to how far down oil can/will go. When the oil market moves into a surplus then the spot price starts to trade in a large discount to the 5yr contract. Typically $10-15/b below the 5yr contract on average in bear-years (2009, 2015, 2016, 2020). But the 5yr contract is usually pulled lower as well thus making this approach a moving target. But the 5yr contract price has now been rock solidly been pegged to $68/b since 2022. And in the 2022 bull-year (Brent spot average $99/b), the 5yr contract only went to $72/b on average. If we assume that the same goes for the downside and that 2026 is a bear-year then the 5yr goes to $64/b while the spot is trading at a $10-15/b discount to that. That would imply an average spot price next year of $49-54/b. But that is if OPEC doesn’t revert to cuts and instead keeps production flowing. We think OPEC(+) will trim/cut production as needed into 2026 to prevent a huge build-up in global oil stocks and a crash in prices. But for now we are still heading lower. Into the $50ies/b.

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Analys

More weakness and lower price levels ahead, but the world won’t drown in oil in 2026

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Some rebound but not much. Brent crude rebounded 1.5% yesterday to $65.47/b. This morning it is inching 0.2% up to $65.6/b. The lowest close last week was on Thursday at $64.11/b.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

The curve structure is almost as week as it was before the weekend. The rebound we now have gotten post the message from OPEC+ over the weekend is to a large degree a rebound along the curve rather than much strengthening at the front-end of the curve. That part of the curve structure is almost as weak as it was last Thursday.

We are still on a weakening path. The message from OPEC+ over the weekend was we are still on a weakening path with rising supply from the group. It is just not as rapidly weakening as was feared ahead of the weekend when a quota hike of 500 kb/d/mth for November was discussed.

The Brent curve is on its way to full contango with Brent dipping into the $50ies/b. Thus the ongoing weakening we have had in the crude curve since the start of the year, and especially since early June, will continue until the Brent crude oil forward curve is in full contango along with visibly rising US and OECD oil inventories. The front-month Brent contract will then flip down towards the $60/b-line and below into the $50ies/b.

At what point will OPEC+ turn to cuts? The big question then becomes: When will OPEC+ turn around to make some cuts? At what (price) point will they choose to stabilize the market? Because for sure they will. Higher oil inventories, some more shedding of drilling rigs in US shale and Brent into the 50ies somewhere is probably where the group will step in.

There is nothing we have seen from the group so far which indicates that they will close their eyes, let the world drown in oil and the oil price crash to $40/b or below.

The message from OPEC+ is also about balance and stability. The world won’t drown in oil in 2026. The message from the group as far as we manage to interpret it is twofold: 1) Taking back market share which requires a lower price for non-OPEC+ to back off a bit, and 2) Oil market stability and balance. It is not just about 1. Thus fretting about how we are all going to drown in oil in 2026 is totally off the mark by just focusing on point 1.

When to buy cal 2026? Before Christmas when Brent hits $55/b and before OPEC+ holds its last meeting of the year which is likely to be in early December.

Brent crude oil prices have rebounded a bit along the forward curve. Not much strengthening in the structure of the curve. The front-end backwardation is not much stronger today than on its weakest level so far this year which was on Thursday last week.

Brent crude oil prices have rebounded a bit along the forward curve.
Source: Bloomberg

The front-end backwardation fell to its weakest level so far this year on Thursday last week. A slight pickup yesterday and today, but still very close to the weakest year to date. More oil from OPEC+ in the coming months and softer demand and rising inventories. We are heading for yet softer levels.

The front-end backwardation fell to its weakest level so far this year on Thursday last week.
Source: SEB calculations and graph. Bloomberg data
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Analys

A sharp weakening at the core of the oil market: The Dubai curve

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Down to the lowest since early May. Brent crude has fallen sharply the latest four days. It closed at USD 64.11/b yesterday which is the lowest since early May. It is staging a 1.3% rebound this morning along with gains in both equities and industrial metals with an added touch of support from a softer USD on top.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

What stands out the most to us this week is the collapse in the Dubai one to three months time-spread.

Dubai is medium sour crude. OPEC+ is in general medium sour crude production. Asian refineries are predominantly designed to process medium sour crude. So Dubai is the real measure of the balance between OPEC+ holding back or not versus Asian oil demand for consumption and stock building.

A sharp weakening of the front-end of the Dubai curve. The front-end of the Dubai crude curve has been holding out very solidly throughout this summer while the front-end of the Brent and WTI curves have been steadily softening. But the strength in the Dubai curve in our view was carrying the crude oil market in general. A source of strength in the crude oil market. The core of the strength.

The now finally sharp decline of the front-end of the Dubai crude curve is thus a strong shift. Weakness in the Dubai crude marker is weakness in the core of the oil market. The core which has helped to hold the oil market elevated.

Facts supports the weakening. Add in facts of Iraq lifting production from Kurdistan through Turkey. Saudi Arabia lifting production to 10 mb/d in September (normal production level) and lifting exports as well as domestic demand for oil for power for air con is fading along with summer heat. Add also in counter seasonal rise in US crude and product stocks last week. US oil stocks usually decline by 1.3 mb/week this time of year. Last week they instead rose 6.4 mb/week (+7.2 mb if including SPR). Total US commercial oil stocks are now only 2.1 mb below the 2015-19 seasonal average. US oil stocks normally decline from now to Christmas. If they instead continue to rise, then it will be strongly counter seasonal rise and will create a very strong bearish pressure on oil prices.

Will OPEC+ lift its voluntary quotas by zero, 137 kb/d, 500 kb/d or 1.5 mb/d? On Sunday of course OPEC+ will decide on how much to unwind of the remaining 1.5 mb/d of voluntary quotas for November. Will it be 137 kb/d yet again as for October? Will it be 500 kb/d as was talked about earlier this week? Or will it be a full unwind in one go of 1.5 mb/d? We think most likely now it will be at least 500 kb/d and possibly a full unwind. We discussed this in a not earlier this week: ”500 kb/d of voluntary quotas in October. But a full unwind of 1.5 mb/d”

The strength in the front-end of the Dubai curve held out through summer while Brent and WTI curve structures weakened steadily. That core strength helped to keep flat crude oil prices elevated close to the 70-line. Now also the Dubai curve has given in.

The strength in the front-end of the Dubai curve held out through summer while Brent and WTI curve structures weakened steadily.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data

Brent crude oil forward curves

Brent crude oil forward curves
Source: Bloomberg

Total US commercial stocks now close to normal. Counter seasonal rise last week. Rest of year?

Total US commercial stocks now close to normal.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data

Total US crude and product stocks on a steady trend higher.

Total US crude and product stocks on a steady trend higher.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data
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