Analys
Handelsbanken Jordbruk, 28 augusti 2014

Vete
Terminspriserna på vete har under veckan gått upp något i både Paris och Chicago. Det amerikanska vårvetet har fått en del regn den senaste tiden, vilket fördröjt skördearbetet något – dock utan större oro. Liknande situation råder i Kanada. Det australiensiska vetet upplever ett säsongsmässigt väder utan skäl till oro, delar av landets östra delar uppges dock önska lite mer regn. EU har överlag fått bättre väder de senaste dagarna, vilket gynnar återstående del av skörden.
Arkady Zlochevsky, President of The Russian Grain Union, uttalade sig igår om årets ryska spannmålsskörd – vilken han menar har potential att nå rekordnivå. Deras uppskattning för den totala spannmålsskörden är just nu 104 miljoner ton men han tillägger att ett gynnsamt väder hela hösten kan pressa upp siffrorna över rekordnivån 2008 om 108,2 miljoner ton. En påverkande faktor är om Sibirien, där största delen av vetet skördas i september, undgår en tidig köldknäpp. Ock-så gynnsamt väder i söder där majsskörden peakar i september är av stor vikt. Exportvolymen uppskattar de till minst 30 miljoner ton – vilket vore rekordhögt.
Globalt väntas i år rekordskördar på vete, majs och sojabönor – vilket inte hänt för alla dessa tre grödor samtidigt på över 50 år. Det gör det inte lättare att se varför priserna ska börja vända uppåt för tillfället. Stundtals förhöjd oro över Rysslands agerande i Ukraina har dock fått priserna att hoppa upp något sedan slutet av förra veckan. Terminer för skörd 2015 kan nu säljas på MATIF för omkring EUR 186 (SEK 1.710) per ton.
Raps
Rapspriserna i Paris noteras upp något under veckan – hjälpt av ytterligare försvagad EUR gentemot USD. Lite talar annars för uppåtgående rapspriser efter en stor europeisk skörd samt fortsatt fallande sojapriser. Kommande skörd kan nu säljas på MATIF för omkring EUR 333 (SEK 3.065) per ton.
Maltkorn
Omsättningen av maltkornskontrakt på börsen har som vanligt varit väldigt låg, faktiskt obefintlig, hittills i veckan. Inga priser noteras för tillfället för skörd 2015.
Majs
Priserna på majs i Chicago har under veckan noterats nedåt ytterligare. Förhållandena för den amerikanska majsen är fortsatt väldigt goda och förväntningarna på avkastningsnivåer har knappast blivit lägre. Den globala produktionen väntas av USDA till rekordhöga 985,39 miljoner ton och utgående lager väntas stiga till ca. 19,4 procent av årlig konsumtion. Kortsiktigt bör majspriserna påverkas mest av faktiska skörderapporter som börjar komma in snart och mycket talar alltså för att avkastningssiffror i dessa blir höga. Även avkastningsnivåer i EU och Ukraina väntas bli höga.
Sojabönor
Priserna i Chicago på sojabönor har under veckan gått ned något. Hela växtsäsongen har hittills präglats av nära nog idealiskt väder för den amerikanska sojan och förväntningarna på kommande skörd är hög och har inte blivit lägre med tiden. Tiden för bakslag innan skörden startar på allvar är nu också väldigt kort. Tills ett eventuellt väderproblem dyker upp i Brasilien, där skörden startar efter årsskiftet, är det för tillfället svårt att se varför sojapriser ska vända uppåt. Vi tror snarare att bekräftade höga avkastningsnivåer kan pressa ned priserna ytterligare något.
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Ansvarsbegränsning
Detta material är producerat av Svenska Handelsbanken AB (publ) i fortsättningen kallad Handelsbanken. De som arbetar med innehållet är inte analytiker och materialet är inte oberoende investeringsanalys. Innehållet är uteslutande avsett för kunder i Sverige. Syftet är att ge en allmän information till Handelsbankens kunder och utgör inte ett personligt investeringsråd eller en personlig rekommendation. Informationen ska inte ensamt utgöra underlag för investeringsbeslut. Kunder bör inhämta råd från sina rådgivare och basera sina investeringsbeslut utifrån egen erfarenhet.
Informationen i materialet kan ändras och också avvika från de åsikter som uttrycks i oberoende investeringsanalyser från Handelsbanken. Informationen grundar sig på allmänt tillgänglig information och är hämtad från källor som bedöms som tillförlitliga, men riktigheten kan inte garanteras och informationen kan vara ofullständig eller nedkortad. Ingen del av förslaget får reproduceras eller distribueras till någon annan person utan att Handelsbanken dessförinnan lämnat sitt skriftliga medgivande. Handelsbanken ansvarar inte för att materialet används på ett sätt som strider mot förbudet mot vidarebefordran eller offentliggörs i strid med bankens regler.
Analys
Unusual strong bearish market conviction but OPEC+ market strategy is always a wildcard

Brent crude falls with strong conviction that trade war will hurt demand for oil. Brent crude sold off 2.4% yesterday to USD 64.25/b along with rising concerns that the US trade war with China will soon start to visibly hurt oil demand or that it has already started to happen. Tariffs between the two are currently at 145% and 125% in the US and China respectively which implies a sharp decline in trade between the two if at all. This morning Brent crude (June contract) is trading down another 1.2% to USD 63.3/b. The June contract is rolling off today and a big question is how that will leave the shape of the Brent crude forward curve. Will the front-end backwardation in the curve evaporate further or will the July contract, now at USD 62.35/b, move up to where the June contract is today?

The unusual ”weird smile” of Brent forward curve implies unusual strong bearish conviction amid current prompt tightness. the The Brent crude oil forward curve has displayed a very unusual shape lately with front-end backwardation combined with deferred contango. Market pricing tightness today but weakness tomorrow. We have commented on this several times lately and Morgan Stanly highlighted how unusual historically this shape is. The reason why it is unusual is probably because markets in general have a hard time pricing a future which is very different from the present. Bearishness in the oil market when it is shifting from tight to soft balance usually comes creeping in at the front-end of the curve. A slight contango at the front-end in combination with an overall backwardated curve. Then this slight contango widens and in the end the whole curve flips to full contango. The current shape of the forward curve implies a very, very strong conviction by the market that softness and surplus is coming. A conviction so strong that it overrules the present tightness. This conviction flows from the fundamental understanding that ongoing trade war is bad for the global economy, for oil demand and for the oil price.
Will OPEC+ switch to cuts or will it leave balancing to a lower price driving US production lower? Add of course also in that OPEC+ has signaled that it will lift production more rapidly and is currently no longer in the mode of holding back to keep Brent at USD 75/b due to an internal quarrel over quotas. That stand can of course change from one day to the next. That is a very clear risk to the upside and oil consumers around should keep that in the back of their minds that this could happen. Though we are not utterly convinced of the imminent risk of this. Before such a pivot happens, Iraq and Kazakhstan probably have to prove that they can live up to their promised cuts. And that will take a few months. Also, OPEC+ might also like to see where the pain-point for US shale oil producers’ price-vise really is today. So far, we have seen no decline in the number of US oil drilling rigs in operation which have steadily been running at around 480 rigs.
With a surplus oil market on the horizon, OPEC+ will have to make a choice. How shale this coming surplus be resolved? Shall OPEC+ cut in order to balance the market or shall lower oil prices drive pain and lower production in the US which then will result in a balanced market? Maybe it is the first or maybe the latter. The group currently has a bloated surplus balance which it needs to slim down at some point. And maybe now is the time. Allowing the oil price to slide. Economic pain for US shale oil producers to rise and US oil production to fall in order to balance the market and make room OPEC+ to redeploy its previous cuts back into the market.
Surplus is not yet here. US oil inventories likely fell close to 2 mb last week. US API yesterday released indications that US crude and product inventories fell 1.8 mb last week with crude up 3.8 mb, gasoline down 3.1 mb and distillates down 2.5 mb. So, in terms of a crude oil contango market (= surplus and rising inventories) we have not yet moved to the point where US inventories are showing that the global oil market now indeed is in surplus. Though Chinese purchases to build stocks may have helped to keep the market tight. Indications that Saudi Arabia may lift June Official Selling Prices is a signal that the oil market may not be all that close to unraveling in surplus.
The low point of the Brent crude oil curve is shifting closer to present. A sign that the current front-end backwardation of the Brent crude oil curve is about to evaporate.

Brent crude versus US Russel 2000 equity index. Is the equity market too optimistic or the oil market too bearish?

Analys
Oil demand at risk as US consumers soon will face hard tariff-realities

Muted sideways trading. Brent crude traded mostly sideways last week, but due to a relatively strong close on the Friday before, it ended the week down 1.6% at USD 66.87/b with a high-low range of USD 65.29 – 68.65/b. So muted price range action. Brent crude is trading marginally higher, up 0.3%, this morning amid mixed equity and commodity markets.

Strong Chinese buying in April as oil prices dipped. Chinese imports of crude continued to accelerate in April following a surge in March with data from Kepler indicating that Chinese imports averaged near 11 mb/d in April. That is an 18mth high and strongly up versus only 8.9 mb/d in January (FT.com today). That has most certainly helped to stem the rot in the oil price which bottomed at an intraday low of USD 58.4/b on 9 April. It has probably also helped to keep the front-end of the Brent crude oil forward curve in consistent backwardation. The strong buying from China is both opportunistic stockpiling due to the price slump but also rebuilding of oil inventories in general.
Oil speculators are cautious with oil demand at risk as US consumers soon will face hard tariff-realities. But oil market speculators are far from bullish. While net long speculative positions are up 52.2 mb over the week to last Tuesday, it is still only the 15th lowest speculative positioning over the past 52 weeks. The underlying concern is of course the US tariffs which is crippling exports of goods from China to the US with bookings of container freight down by 30% according to Hapag-Lloyd. Bloomberg’s Chief US economist, Anna Wong, is saying that empty shelves in US shops will soon be the reality. Thus US-China trade relations need to be fixed quickly to avoid hard realities for US consumers. The lead-times are long and the current tariffs and uncertainty around these is now risking availability for US consumer goods for the holiday seasons in H2-25. Tariff realities for US consumers are increasingly just around the corner. ”Rubber will hit the road” very soon and that is when we might see weaker oil demand as well.
Brent crude traded mostly sideways last week though ended down 1.6% in the end.

Net long speculative positions in Brent and WTI up 52.2 mb over week to last Tuesday but still at 15-week low over past 52 weeks.

Analys
Brent crude is now trading below its nominal 2018-19 average in EUR/barrel terms

Brent crude gained a meager 0.65% yesterday with a close of USD 66.55/b. That was not much given that US equity markets rallied 2% yesterday with Nasdaq now is almost back to its pre ”Liberation Day” level. Brent crude is trading unchanged this morning with little impulse to do anything it seems.

Equity markets have gotten a boost along with easing US tariff rhetoric. The Brent crude oil price has however not gotten the same rebound and is today still trading USD 8.5/b lower than its USD 75/b level from 2 April.
Two factors at hand here: Expectations of softer growth and more oil from OPEC+. One is that global growth in 2025 will still take a hit with softer growth and thus softer oil demand growth due to the US tariff-turmoil. Even if rhetoric has eased. The second is that OPEC+ has upped its production plans with a softer market as a result going forward. The latter message to the market happened almost at the same time as the ”Liberation Day” on 2 April.
Spot market still as tight as it was on 2 April. Still, the front-end market is more or less equally tight today as it was on 2 April. The average Brent, WTI and Dubai 1-3mth time-spread is USD 1.4/b today versus USD 1.5/b on 2. April.
The market setup/pricing is thus that the market is still tight, but that surplus will come. Either because global growth will slow due to US Tariff-turmoil or because OPEC+ will add more barrels.
Will OPEC+ resolve its internal quarrels? Worth remembering on the latter is that the latest more aggressive OPEC+ production growth plan is due to internal quarrels over quota breaches by Iraq and Kazakhstan. OPEC+ could potentially ease those growth plans just as quickly if the internal quarrel is resolved.
Brent crude in EUR/barrel is now trading at the nominal level from 2018-2019. That is nominal! Not taking account of any kind of inflation which cumulatively is up 20-30% since primo 2018. The average, nominal Brent crude oil price in 2018-2019 was EUR 59.1/b. The front-month Brent crude oil price is now EUR 58.4/b. And Brent forward 36mth is only EUR 55.5/b and in real terms one could subtract some 5-10% for the next three years from that nominal forward price. Quite sweet for consumers!
Brent has rebounded along with equities (here US Russel 2000 index in orange), but the rebound in oil has become more hesitant the latest days. Brent still trading USD 8.5/b below its pre ”Liberation Day” of USD 75/b
Brent crude forward curves. Today versus 2 April (’Liberation Day’). Still a tight current market but now with expectation that surplus is coming.
The Brent crude oil price versus the average Brent, WTI and Dubai 1-3mth time-spread. The latter is today on par with where it was on 2 April while the Brent 1mth price is down USD 8.5/b.
Brent crude in EUR/b is down to its 2018-2019 nominal price level. Not bad for euro-based oil consumers!!
Yearly averages for Brent crude in EUR/barrel. The Brent 1mth in EUR/barrel is today trading below its nominal average from 2018-2019 of EUR 59.1/b. And 36mth forward Brent is trading at only EUR 55.5/b. And that is nominally both ways. Add in some 20-30% inflation since primo 2018 and 5-10% additional inflation next three years. Think real terms!
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