Analys
SHB Råvarubrevet 5 april 2012
- Energi: Positiv
- Basmetaller: Neutral
- Ädelmetaller: Negativ
- Livsmedel: Neutral till Positiv
Risktillgångar har haft en blandad utveckling senaste veckan. Kinafrossan dämpades något av veckans inledande inköpschefsindex från Kina som för en statistiskt svår månad visade på en uppgång från februari. Shanghai-börsen pekar dock fortfarande rakt ner (-7 % i mars). Efter att USA:s dito data kom in på hyggliga nivåer i måndags blev det åka av och både basmetaller och Brent handlades upp kraftigt under några timmar. Fortfarande ligger dock dessa konjunkturhandlade råvaror kvar i sina respektive handelskanaler där koppar skvalpat omkring sedan januari och Brent sedan slutet av februari när Iran-oron började.
I Europa har italienska och spanska statsobligationer gått sämre än de tyska vilket indikerar att det mesta av effekten från ECBs aktion för likviditet, LTRO2 nu ligger bakom oss. Vi befinner oss fortfarande i en miljö som är positiv för risktillgångar. Ekonomer höjer prognoserna för global BNP och analytiker hissar upp estimat för bolagsvinster.
Protokollet från senaste mötet för Amerikanska centralbanken Fed kom i veckan och där tonades behoven av ytterligare stimulans (QE3) ned. Som tidigare under året så tappade guld och silver (-2 %) på beskedet om utebliven QE3. Vår uppfattning är att det inte kommer mer USA-stimulans om inte den amerikanska ekonomin avsevärt försämras.
Energi (positiv)
Olja
Oljepriset är tillbaka på samma nivå som vid öppningen i måndags, Brent-oljan handlas nu till 122 USD/fat men har toppat veckan på nästan 126 USD/ fat efter positiv data från Kina och USA. Oljan handlades dock ned igen efter FED:s räntemöte och ytterligare prispress under gårdagen då lagernivåer visade på stigande lagernivåer. Analytiker förväntade sig att se de amerikanska råoljelager att öka med 2,5 miljoner fat men fick se lagren öka med 9 miljoner fat! Även destillat lager översteg förväntningarna, upp 19 000 fat mot förväntade 500 000 fat medan bensinlager sjönk med 1,5 miljoner fat mot förväntade 1,4 miljoner. Fortsatt oro kring det politiska läget i Iran håller priset uppe och ger få säljare i marknaden. Vi ser en risk på uppsidan och behåller därför en positiv syn på oljan.
Elmarknaden
Variationer i väderprognoser tillsammans med låg likviditet till följd av påskledighet har lett till en hel del prisrörelser på elmarknaden. Kontraktet Q3-12 (som är underliggande till SHBPOWER) hade vid lunchtid idag stigit med 6,7 % från måndagens öppning. Det har egentligen inte funnits mycket som talat för en uppgång, med både svaga gas- och CO2 priser och lägre tyska priser. Med låg likviditet reagerade marknaden kraftigt då en torrare och kallare väderprognos presenterades i mitten av veckan. Väderprognoser har sedan dess visat på både mildare väder och med energileveranser över det normala . Vi kan konstatera att osäkerheten i prognoserna är stor och med svaga priser på utsläppsrätter och gas finns det inte mycket som talar för någon kraftig uppgång på kort sikt och behåller därför vår neutrala syn.
Basmetaller (neutral)
Koppar
Koppar har haft en volatil vecka. Metallen var upp som mest 2.3% för att sluta veckan på en total nedgång på 1 %. Uppgången sedan årets början är 7.3 %. Den dåliga spanska obligationsmissionen låg bakom den kraftiga nedgången i mitten av veckan. Priset återhämtade sig dock under torsdagen på rykten om en mindre stram kinesisk penningpolitik. Premiärminister Wen Jiabao sade i en intervju att Kina planerar justeringar av penningpolitiken ”inom en snar framtid”. Marknaden verkar vara i balans på utbuds- och efterfrågesida. Lagernivåerna hos LME är fortfarande låga men det motsvaras av ökade lager i Shanghai. Lagernivåerna i Kina har alltid varit problematiska att uppskatta, men vi anser att de senaste estimaten är någorlunda korrekta och därför är vi neutrala till kopparpriset.
Nickel
Nickel har klarat sig bra prismässigt denna vecka. Uppgången slutade på 3.6%, trots de dåliga nyheterna från Spanien. Nickel har dock totalt sett haft en dålig start på året med en nedgång 5.8%. Det som gav nickel kraftfullt stöd under veckan var oron om nya skatter på exporten från Indonesien. Tittar vi på hur kostnadsstrukturen ser ut för produktionen, så domineras högkostnadsproduktionen av producenter i Kina. Vid dessa prisnivåer kommer de gruvor att stänga ned eller producera mindre och på så sätt stödja priset. Vi ser inga betydande risker på upp- eller nedsidan och vi är neutrala till nickelpriset för tillfället.
Ädelmetaller (negativ)
Vi behåller vår negativa syn på ädelmetaller, vi lägger en stökig vecka till handlingarna, med börsfall och förnyade orostendenser. Trots det har ädelmetallerna fallit mellan 1,5 och 2,2 %, och guldet hänger strax över 1600 dollar per uns.
”Säker hamn”-temat och tendensen att köpa guld när börserna faller har falnat rejält som prisdrivande faktorer, och vi befinner oss på känsliga prisnivåer i alla ädelmetaller.
Det vi håller koll på framöver är om vi ser mer starka USA-data, parat med låg inflationsstatistik, som en potentiell trigger för en större rörelse nedåt i framför allt guldet.
Livsmedel (neutral till positiv)
Vete
Terminspriser på vete har i veckan gått ned i både Paris och Chicago, påverkat av bättre väder i både USA och Europa. I USA uppges nederbördsmängden generellt sett vara tillräcklig och i EU är det främst i Frankrike som regnmängderna fortfarande ligger något under normalt. Kommande väderutveckling i EU ser dock något osäker ut med varierande prognoser och viss oro finns över att resten av april inte riktigt ger den nederbördsmängd som önskas. I både Ryssland och Ukraina uppges vädret vara klart gynnsamt för höstvetet och även för sådd av vårgrödorna.
Skicket på det amerikanska höstvetet är relativt bra med 58 procent i bra eller utmärkt skick och endast 12 procent i riktigt dåligt skick – att jämföra med 37 procent respektive 32 procent vid samma tid förra året. Sådden av vårvete i USA går snabbt framåt och hela 8 procent av sådden uppges nu vara avklarad, klart mer än 1 procent vid samma tid förra året och femårsgenomsnittet om 2 procent. Aktiviteten på exportmarknaden har saktat in något delvis som följd av att de nordafrikanska länderna närmar sig skörd. Prisutvecklingen under den närmaste tiden är svårbedömd och starkt beroende av den fortsatta väderutvecklingen i främst EU och USA och dess effekt på höstgrödorna och den pågående sådden av vårgrödorna. I nästa veckas rapport från det amerikanska jordbruksdepartementet, USDA, väntas inga större förändringar vad gäller vetet.
Majs
Majsen i Chicago har stigit något i pris under veckan, påverkat av stigande priser på sojabönor vilket stärker konkurrensen om arealen i USA. Sådden har startat väl i USA med varmt väder och generellt sett lagom med regn och 3 procent av sådden uppges vara avklarad, något över förra året och de senaste fem åren vid denna tid om 2 procent. Den närmaste tiden kan nog bli lite skakig beroende på väderleken i USA och även beroende på nästa veckas WASDE-rapport från USDA – i vilken siffrorna för den sydamerikanska skörden väntas bli nedjusterade. Förutsatt att vädret inte bjuder på alltför stora överraskningar bör en stor amerikansk majsareal leda till förbättrad lagersituation längre fram på året.
Sojabönor
Sojapriserna i Chicago har fortsatt att stiga i pris under veckan, förra veckans rapport från det amerikanska jordbruksdepartementet, USDA, visade att priserna måste upp ytterligare för att hushålla med nuvarande lager och för att öka arealen under våren i USA. Sojapriserna är nu så
mycket högre än majspriserna så att det vore mer lönsamt att odla soja i flera regioner i USA, men många lantbrukare uppger att de redan inhandlat gödning för planerad sådd av majs vilket begränsar möjligheterna till en ökad areal sojabönor. Den brasilianska skörden uppskattas nu till omkring 65,2 miljoner ton, ned från tidigare prognos om 67,1 miljoner ton – vilket gett ytterligare stöd till prisuppgången.
Softs
Kaffe
Priset på arabicakaffe förväntas stiga de kommande veckorna då förväntningarna på 2012-13 skörden för såväl Brasilien, världens största producent, samt näst största producenten Vietnams verkar varit överskattade. Noteras bör även att Brasilien går mot vinter och därmed ökad risk för frost, vilket marknaden kommer ta hänsyn till vid prissättning de kommande veckorna.
Socker
Brasiliens 2012-13 skörd förväntas bli mindre än förutspådd, 512 ton jämfört med tidigare 521 ton. Skörden i Brasilien borde påbörjas i slutet av månaden men förväntas bli framflyttad, eventuellt så mycket som med 30 dagar. Detta till följd av det torra vädret som påverkat skördens utveckling negativt, vilket i sin tur förväntas påverka tillgången på marknaden. Jamaica o andra sidan har producerat 29 procent mer socker under skördens första två månader jämfört med samma period förra året.
Handelsbankens Råvaruindex
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Ansvarsbegränsning
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Analys
SEB Metals price forecast update

Softer economic growth in 2024 calls for somewhat softer metals prices in 2024. Industrial metals prices as well as other commodity prices exploded during Covid-19 as governments around the world unleashed stimuli in the magnitude of 10x of what was done during the global financial crisis in 2008/09. Consumers shifting spending from services to consumer goods added to the boom. Bloomberg’s industrial metals price index was up 91% in March 2022 versus January 2020 because of this. Global manufacturing PMI peaked in May 2021 and has been fading since and below the 50-line from September 2022 with latest reading at 48.8. Industrial metals prices have faded since their peak in March 2022 but are still 30% higher than they were in January 2020. Even zinc, the worst performing metal, is still 9% above where it was in January 2020. As such one could possibly argue that industrial metals have not yet fully faded from their Covid-19 stimulus boom. One possible explanation could be inflation where US inflation is up 19% over the period. But this still leaves industrial metals up 11% in real terms. Another possible explanation is the big jump in energy prices over the period. While coal and gas prices have fallen back a lot, they are still quite high. The coal price in western Europe is 110% above where it was at the start 2020 and 50% above its 2010-2019 average. Most industrial metals are highly energy intensive to produce with digging and crushing of rocks, smelting, and refining of ore. The current aluminium price of USD 2215/ton is for example well aligned with coal prices. In addition to this there has also been significant closures of zinc and aluminium smelting capacity in Europe which probably have supported prices for these metals.
Global economic growth is forecasted to slow from 3.5% in 2022, to 3.0% in 2023 and then again to 2.9% in 2024 as the big jump in interest rates induce economic pain with a lag. Aligned with this we expect lower industrial metals prices in 2024 than in 2023 though only marginally lower for most of the metals. But the field of metals is wide, and the price action is thus adverse. Copper is likely the metal with the most strained supply and with huge needs in the global energy transition.
Aluminium: Prices will likely be depressed versus marginal costs in 2024. Aluminium from Russia is flowing unhindered to the market. Most is going to China for reprocessing and potentially re-exported while some is going to Turkey and Italy. It is all flowing into the global pool of aluminium and as such impacting the global market balance. The LME 3mth aluminium price is currently well aligned with coal prices and both have traded mostly sideways since June this year. Aluminium premiums in the EU have however fallen 30-40% since mid-June in a sign of weakness there. The global market will likely run a surplus in 2024 with depressed prices versus the marginal cost of production.
Copper: Softer fundamentals in 2024 but with accelerating tightness on the horizon. Copper is currently trading at USD 8470/ton and close to 37% above its early Jan 2020 level. The market is expected to run a slight surplus in 2024 followed by accelerating tightness the following years. Downside price risk for 2024 is thus warranted along with softer global growth. The power of Unions is however getting stronger in Latin America with demands for higher salaries. Strikes have broken out in Peru with production at the Las Bambas copper mine at only 20%. Further strikes and disruptions could quickly put the market into deficit also in 2024.
Nickel: Indonesia pursuing market share over price pushing the price down the cost curve. Indonesia’s nickel production is growing rapidly. Its production reached 1.6 million ton in 2022 (+54% YoY) and accounted for close to 50% of total global supply in 2022. Its share looks set to reach 70% by 2030. Lower prices will stimulate demand and will also force higher cost producers to shut down thus making room for the wave of new supply from Indonesia. Prices will be sluggis the nearest years as Indonesia aims for market share over price.
Zinc: Price has stabilized around USD 2500/t. Weakness in global construction will drive prices lower at times in 2024. The 3mth LME zinc price has fallen from a peak of USD 4499/ton in April 2022 to only USD 2248/ton in May 2023. Since then, it has recovered steadily to USD 2500/ton. Demand could struggle in 2024 as construction globally will likely struggle with high interest rates. But mine closures is a natural counter effect of low prices and will put a floor under prices.
Price outlook

Bjarne Schieldrop
Cheif Commodities Analyst
SEB Commodity Research
Analys
Now it’s up to OPEC+

All eyes are now back at OPEC+ after the recent fall in oil prices along with weakening crude curve structures and weakening economic statistics. OPEC+ will have to step up the game and give solid guidance of what it intends to do in 2024. If Saudi Arabia is to carry the burden alone (with only a little help from Russia) it will likely need to keep its production at around 9.0 m b/d on average for 2024 and drop it down towards 8.5 m b/d in Q1-24. This may be too much to ask from Saudi Arabia and it may demand some of the other OPEC members to step up and join in on the task to regulate the market in 2024. More specifically this means Iraq, Kuwait and UAE. The oil market will likely be quite nervous until a firm message from Saudi/Russia/OPEC+ is delivered to the market some time in December.

Saudi Arabia may get some help from President Joe Biden though as his energy secretary adviser, Amos Hochstein, has stated that the US will enforce sanctions on Iran on more than 1 m b/d.
Brent crude fell 4.6% ydy to USD 77.4/b and over the last three trading sessions it has lost USD 5.1/b. This morning it is trading only marginally higher at USD 77.6/b which is no vote of confidence. A good dose of rebound this morning would have been a signal that the sell-off yesterday possibly was exaggerated and solely driven by investors with long positions flocking to the exit. So there’s likely more downside to come.
In general there is a quite good relationship between net long speculative positions in Brent crude and WTI versus the global manufacturing cycle. Oil investors overall typically have an aversion of holding long positions in oil when the global economy is slowing down. As of yet there are few signs that the global economic cycle is about to turn. Rather the opposite seems to be the case. Global manufacturing fell in October and yesterday we saw US industrial production fall 0.6% MoM while continued jobless claims rose more than expected and to the highest level in two years. This matches well with the logic that the strong rise in interest rates since March 2022 is inflicting pain on the economy with more pain ahead as the effect comes with a lag.
Most estimates are that the global oil market is running a solid deficit in Q4-23. The IEA has an implied deficit in the global oil market of 1 m b/d in Q4-23 if we assume that OPEC will produce 28 m b/d vs. a call-on-OPEC at 29 m b/d. But prices in the oil market is telling a different story with weakening crude curves, weakening refining margins and a sharp sell-off in oil prices.
For 2024 the general forecasts are that global economic growth will slow, global oil demand growth will slow and also that the need for oil from OPEC will fall from 28.7 m b/d to 28.4 m b/d (IEA). This is a bearish environment for oil. The average Brent crude oil price so far this year is about USD 83/b. It should essentially be expected to deliver lower in 2024 with the negatives mentioned above.
Two things however will likely counter this and they are interconnected. US shale oil activity has been slowing with falling drilling rig count since early December 2022 and that has been happening at an average WTI price of USD 78/b. The result is that total US liquids production is set to grow by only 0.3 m b/d YoY in Q4-24. This allows OPEC+ to support the oil price at USD 80-90/b through 2024 without fear of loosing a significant market share to US oil production. Thus slowing US liquids production and active price management by OPEC+ goes hand in hand. As such we do expect OPEC+ to step up to the task.
So far it has predominantly been Saudi Arabia with a little help from Russia which together proactively have managed the oil market and the oil price through significant cuts. Saudi Arabia produced 10.5 m b/d in April but then cut production rapidly to only 9.0 m b/d which is what it still produces. Its normal production is about 10 m b/d.
What has made the situation more difficult for Saudi Arabia is the combination of solid growth in non-OPEC supply in 2023 (+2.1 m b/d YoY; IEA) but also a substantial revival in production by Venezuela and Iran. The two produced 660 k b/d more in October than they on average did in 2022. So the need for oil from Saudi Arabia is squeezed from both sides.
All eyes are now back at OPEC+ after the recent fall in oil prices along with weakening crude curve structures and weakening economic statistics.
OPEC+ will have to step up the game and give solid guidance of what it intends to do in 2024. If Saudi Arabia is to carry the burden alone (with only a little help from Russia) then it will likely need to keep its production at around 9.0 m b/d on average for 2024 and drop it down towards 8.5 m b/d in Q1-24. This may be too much to ask from Saudi Arabia and it may demand some of the other OPEC members to step up and join in on the task to regulate the market in 2024. More specifically this means Iraq, Kuwait and UAE.
The oil market will likely be quite nervous until a firm message from Saudi/Russia/OPEC+ is delivered to the market some time in December.
Saudi Arabia may get some help from President Joe Biden though as his energy secretary adviser, Amos Hochstein, has stated that the US will enforce sanctions on Iran on more than 1 m b/d.
Analys
More from Venezuela and Iran means smaller pie for Saudi

Production in Venezuela and Iran is on the rise and is set to rise further in the coming months and in 2024. Combined their production could grow by 0.8 m b/d YoY to 2024 (average year to average year). The IEA projected in its latest OMR (Oct-2023) that call-on-OPEC will fall to 28.3 m b/d in 2024, a decline of 0.5 m b/d. This combination would drive implied call-on-Saudi from 10.4 m b/d in 2023 to only 9.1 m b/d in 2024 and as low as 8.6 m b/d in Q1-24 if Saudi Arabia has to do all the heavy lifting alone. Wider core OPEC cooperation may be required.

The IEA is out in the news today projecting peak oil demand this decade with global demand standing at no more than 102 m b/d towards the end of this decade. If so it would imply a call-on-Non-OPEC of only 66.4 m b/d in 2028 assuming that OPEC in general will demand a market share of 30 m b/d + NGL of 5.6 m b/d. The IEA (Oct-23) projects non-OPEC production to average 68.8 m b/d in 2024. That’s already 2.4 m b/d more than what would be sustainable over time if global oil demand is set to peak later this decade. Oil producers in general cannot have a production growth strategy in a peak oil demand world.
The US has decided to lift sanctions towards Venezuela for six months (18 April) as a measure to tempt it to move towards more democratic processes. And if it does, then the lifting of sanctions could continue after the 6 months. A primary opposition election took place this weekend with lawmaker Maria Corina Machado currently holding 93% of the vote count. Venezuela will next year hold a presidential election but fair play seems unlikely with Maduro in charge. The lifting of sanctions allows Venezuela’s PdV to resume exports to all destinations. Bans on new, foreign investments in the oil and gas sector are also lifted though Russian entities and JV’s are still barred.
Venezuela produced 0.8 m b/d in September and indicates that it can lift production by 0.2 m b/d by year and with more rigs and wells by 0.5 m b/d to 1.3 m b/d in the medium term.
Oil production in Iran has been on a steady rise since its low-point of 2.0 m b/d in 2020. Last year it produced 2.5 m b/d. In September it produced 3.1 m b/d, but Iran’s oil minister says production now is at 3.3 m b/d. Iran’s rising production and exports is not about the US being more lenient in its enforcement of sanctions towards Iran. It is more about Iran finding better ways to circumvent them but even more importantly that China is importing more and more oil from Iran.
Production by Iran and Venezuela is recovering. YoY production from the two could rise by close to 0.8 m b/d in 2024. This will lead to a decline in call-on-Saudi oil.

The IEA estimated in its latest OMR report that call-on-OPEC will fall from 28.8 m b/d in 2023 to 28.3 m b/d in 2024. If all OPEC members except Saudi Arabia produces the same amount in 2024 as in 2023, then the need for Saudi Arabia’s oil (call-on-Saudi) will fall from a healthy 10.4 m b/d in 2023 to a still acceptable 9.9 m b/d in 2024. Its normal production is roughly 10 m b/d.
If however production by Iran and Venezuela rise by a combined 0.5 m b/d YoY in 2024, then call-on-Saudi will fall to 9.4 m b/d which is not so good but still manageable. But if Iran’s oil minister is correct when he says that its current production now is at 3.3 m b/d, then it is not far fetched to assume that Iran’s oil production may average maybe 3.4-3.5 m b/d in 2024. That would yield a YoY rise of 0.6 m b/d just for Iran. If we also assume that Venezuela manages to lift its production from 0.8 m b/d this year to 1.0 m b/d in 2024, then the combined growth from the two is closer to 0.8 m b/d. That would push call-on-Saudi down to only 9.1 m b/d which is not good at all. It would require Saudi Arabia to produce at its current production of 9.0 m b/d all through 2024.
The IEA further estimates that call-on-OPEC will average 27.7 m b/d in Q1-24. If we assume Iran @ 3.4 m b/d and Venezuela @ 1.0 m b/d then call-on-Saudi in Q1-24 will only be 8.6 m b/d. I.e. Saudi Arabia will have to cut production further to 8.6 m b/d in Q1-24. At that point Saudi Arabia will likely need or like other core OPEC members like Iraq, Kuwait and UAE as well as Russia to join in.
Implied call-on-Saudi. Call-on-OPEC is set to decline from 28.8 m b/d to 28.3 m b/d to 2024. If all OPEC members produced the same in 2024 as in 2023 then call-on-Saudi would fall by 0.5 m b/d to 9.9 m b/d. But if Venezuela and Iran increases their combined production by 0.8 m b/d YoY in 2024 then call-on-Saudi falls to 9.1 m b/d.

If we look a little broader on this topic and also include Libya, Nigeria and Angola we see that this group of OPEC members produced 11.4 m b/d in 2010, 10.1 m b/d in 2017 and only 5.1 m b/d at the low-point in August 2020. The decline by these OPEC members has of course the other OPEC and OPEC+ members to stem the rising flood of US shale oil production. The production from this unfortunate group of OPEC-laggards is however now on the rise reaching 7.5 m b/d in September. With more from Iran and Venezuela it could rise to 8.0 m b/d in 2024. Production from Nigeria and Angola though still looks to be in gradual decline while Libya looks more sideways. So for the time being it is all about the revival of Iran and Venezuela.
The unfortunate OPEC-laggards had a production of 11.4 m b/d in 2010. But production then fell to only 5.1 m b/d in August 2020. It helped the rest of OPEC’s members to manage the huge increase in US shale oil production. Production from these countries are now on the rebound. Though Nigeria and Angola still seems to be in gradual decline.

What everyone needs to be attentive to is that call-on-OPEC and even more importantly call-on-Saudi can only erode to a limit before Saudi/OPEC/Russia will have to take action. Especially if the forecast for needed oil from OPEC/Saudi for the nearest 2-3 years is in significant decline. Then they will have to take action in the sense that they stop defending the price and allows the price to fall sharply along with higher production. And yet again it is US shale oil producers who will have to take the brunt of the pain. They are the only oil producers in the world who can naturally and significantly reduce their production rather quickly. I.e. the US shale oil players will have to be punished into obedience, if possible, yet one more time.
We don’t think that it is any immediate risk for this to happen as US shale oil activity is slowing while global oil demand has rebounded following Covid-lockdowns. But one needs to keep a watch on projections for call-on-OPEC and call-on-Saudi stretching 1-2-3 years forward on a continuous basis.
In its medium term oil market outlook, Oil2023, the IEA projected a fairly healthy development for call-on-OPEC to 2028. First bottoming out at 29.4 m b/d in 2024 before rising gradually to 30.6 m b/d in 2028. The basis for this was a slowing though steady rise in global oil demand to 105.7 m b/d in 2028 together with stagnant non-OPEC production due to muted capex spending over the past decade. But this projection has already been significantly dented and reduced in IEA’s latest OMR from October where call-on-OPEC for 2024 is projected at only 28.3 m b/d.
In a statement today the IEA projects that global oil demand will peak this decade and consume no more than 102 m b/d in the late 2020ies due to (in large part) rapid growth in EV sales. This would imply a call-on-OPEC of only 26.9 m b/d in 2028. It is not a viable path for OPEC to produce only 26.9 m b/d in 2028. Especially if production by Iran and Venezuela is set to revive. I.e. OPEC’s pie is shrinking while at the same time Iran and Venezuela is producing more. In this outlook something will have to give and it is not OPEC.
One should here turn this on its head and assume that OPEC will produce 30 m b/d in 2028. Add OPEC NGLs of 5.6 m b/d and we get 35.6 m b/d. If global oil demand in 2028 stands at only 102 m b/d then call-on-Non-OPEC equates to 66.4 m b/d. That is 3.1 m b/d less than IEA’s non-OPEC production projection for 2028 of 69.5 m b/d but also higher than non-OPEC production projection of 68.8 m b/d (IEA, Oct-23) is already 2.4 m b/d too high versus what is a sustainable level.
What this of course naturally means is that oil producers in general cannot have production growth as a strategy in a peak-oil-demand-world with non-OPEC in 2024 already at 2.4 m b/d above its sustainable level.
The US is set to growth its hydrocarbon liquids by 0.5 m b/d YoY in 2024. But in a zero oil demand growth world that is way, way too much.

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