Analys

Orange juice: Will Brazil make up for the decline in US supply?

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11 år sedan

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2 april, 2014

The plant disease citrus greening and the aridity in important growing regions currently determine the price movements also on the market for frozen concentrated orange juice. In the US, production of oranges and orange juice is expected to decline massively. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is optimistic that this can be more than offset through production growth in Brazil and other countries. But the drought in Brazil and further reductions in US orange crop estimates for 2013/14 have caused prices for frozen orange juice concentrate to rise back to levels seen in early summer of last year

In March, the New York Board of Trade price for frozen concentrated orange juice returned to levels of over 150 US cents per pound that were seen in early summer 2013. In October, prices had temporarily dipped below 120 US cents per pound. The fact that prices have increased again is mainly attributable to the drought in Brazil that raised doubts as to whether an increasing Brazilian production could really offset the losses in the US.

The USDA has repeatedly made it clear that in the USA declining supply of oranges and orange juice has to be expected for the 2013/14 season. In the US, orange production is concentrated in only two states. Some 70% of oranges originate from Florida, while everything else – except for a negligible rest – comes from California. For this reason the USDA’s announcement that this year production in Florida will probably fall to the lowest level since 1990 has moved the market. A 15% drop on last year is expected. The main reason is that the bug-transmitted disease citrus greening has caused considerable damage to trees. This disease prevents sufficient nutrient uptake and thus stunts the growth of the fruit, causing it to drop prematurely. This season in Florida, the loss rate from droppage should be the highest in 50 years. Since the development of new plantations is expensive and the young trees have to be grown in a greenhouse to prevent infection, the orange plantation acreage in Florida has fallen to the lowest levels since records began in 1978. In Florida, the orange harvest is traditionally used almost completely for processing into juice. In California, the share of oranges for direct consumption is higher. But since this year the citrus greening will probably make a lot of fruit unsuitable for direct consumption, the share of juice processing will likely be higher than usual this year (chart 2).

In the US, the downward trend in production therefore probably continues: The USDA’s latest forecast from January expects a drop by 11% for both orange and orange juice production. Besides the citrus greening, the aridity in the US plays a role here: Whilst in the winter months the US Drought Monitor rated 28% of Florida as abnormally dry, moisture conditions are now classified as nearly 100% normal. Not so in California, where about half of the acreage is currently affected by extreme drought and another fourth suffers from an exceptional drought.

With regard to global production, the USDA is more optimistic: In January, it estimated that orange production in Brazil would rise by 8.5% in the coming harvest from May onwards due to bigger fruits. While the USDA counts this harvest for the 2013/14 season, in Brazil it is already counted as the crop of 2014/15. The production of orange juice is seen to increase even more strongly (18%) in the USDA report, as the yield from pressing is improved. But these impressive growth rates should not make us forget that in the previous season both orange production and orange juice production fell significantly, by 20% and 23%, respectively. Already in 2011/12, production had decreased. The orange acreage has been reduced in Brazil in the last few years – the world’s biggest orange producer by far with a share of more than one third and no. 1 exporter of orange juice (chart 3) – as many growers shifted to products such as soybeans, corn or sugar cane. Whether the effects of the drought on production in Brazil makes USDA forecast unrealistic, is still unclear.

Due to favourable weather, a whopping 12% increase in orange production is expected in the EU, which would mean a return roughly to 2008/09 levels after years of a steady decline. Juice production is seen to increase at an equally quick pace. The EU is also the biggest importer of orange juice, with a large part of its imports coming from Brazil and the US, whereas South Africa and Egypt are the most important sources for fresh fruit.

In China, production of orange juice shall also continue rising, with the level expected to quadruple compared to 2010/11. But since demand likewise continues to grow, the country still has to rely on imports. About half of the consumed quantity must be imported. But this corresponds to only 0.5% of the globally traded quantity of orange juice. China is still a negligible client compared to the EU, which accounts for half of the total import volume and imports eleven times as much as China.

Compared to the previous season, the increase in oranges as well as orange juice in Brazil and several other countries is expected to more than offset the considerable decrease in the US, and so the USDA reckons with a global growth of 5% in orange production and of 6% in orange juice production.

In recent years, the per-capita consumption of orange juice in the US has declined considerably as many consumers prefer beverages with lower sugar contents. In the EU, the biggest consumer of orange juice, consumption is also considerably lower now than it was only a few years ago. Since these two regions account for two thirds of global orange juice consumption, prospects are rather cloudy on the demand side.

However: The unsolved problems with the citrus greening and concerns about the consequences of the drought in Brazil should support orange juice prices for the time being.

Relaterade ämnen:commerzbank research fcoj orange juice

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Brent prices slip on USD surge despite tight inventory conditions

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3 dagar sedan

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19 december, 2024

Redaktionen

Brent crude prices dropped by USD 1.4 per barrel yesterday evening, sliding from USD 74.2 to USD 72.8 per barrel overnight. However, prices have ticked slightly higher in early trading this morning and are currently hovering around USD 73.3 per barrel.

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

Yesterday’s decline was primarily driven by a significant strengthening of the U.S. dollar, fueled by expectations of fewer interest rate cuts by the Fed in the coming year. While the Fed lowered borrowing costs as anticipated, it signaled a more cautious approach to rate reductions in 2025. This pushed the U.S. dollar to its strongest level in over two years, raising the cost of commodities priced in dollars.

Earlier in the day (yesterday), crude prices briefly rose following reports of continued declines in U.S. commercial crude oil inventories (excl. SPR), which fell by 0.9 million barrels last week to 421.0 million barrels. This level is approximately 6% below the five-year average for this time of year, highlighting persistently tight market conditions.

In contrast, total motor gasoline inventories saw a significant build of 2.3 million barrels but remain 3% below the five-year average. A closer look reveals that finished gasoline inventories declined, while blending components inventories increased.

Distillate (diesel) fuel inventories experienced a substantial draw of 3.2 million barrels and are now approximately 7% below the five-year average. Overall, total commercial petroleum inventories recorded a net decline of 3.2 million barrels last week, underscoring tightening market conditions across key product categories.

Despite the ongoing drawdowns in U.S. crude and product inventories, global oil prices have remained range-bound since mid-October. Market participants are balancing a muted outlook for Chinese demand and rising production from non-OPEC+ sources against elevated geopolitical risks. The potential for stricter sanctions on Iranian oil supply, particularly as Donald Trump prepares to re-enter the White House, has introduced an additional layer of uncertainty.

We remain cautiously optimistic about the oil market balance in 2025 and are maintaining our Brent price forecast of an average USD 75 per barrel for the year. We believe the market has both fundamental and technical support at these levels.

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Oil falling only marginally on weak China data as Iran oil exports starts to struggle

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7 dagar sedan

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16 december, 2024

Redaktionen

Up 4.7% last week on US Iran hawkishness and China stimulus optimism. Brent crude gained 4.7% last week and closed on a high note at USD 74.49/b. Through the week it traded in a USD 70.92 – 74.59/b range. Increased optimism over China stimulus together with Iran hawkishness from the incoming Donald Trump administration were the main drivers. Technically Brent crude broke above the 50dma on Friday. On the upside it has the USD 75/b 100dma and on the downside it now has the 50dma at USD 73.84. It is likely to test both of these in the near term. With respect to the Relative Strength Index (RSI) it is neither cold nor warm.

Lower this morning as China November statistics still disappointing (stimulus isn’t here in size yet). This morning it is trading down 0.4% to USD 74.2/b following bearish statistics from China. Retail sales only rose 3% y/y and well short of Industrial production which rose 5.4% y/y, painting a lackluster picture of the demand side of the Chinese economy. This morning the Chinese 30-year bond rate fell below the 2% mark for the first time ever. Very weak demand for credit and investments is essentially what it is saying. Implied demand for oil down 2.1% in November and ytd y/y it was down 3.3%. Oil refining slipped to 5-month low (Bloomberg). This sets a bearish tone for oil at the start of the week. But it isn’t really killing off the oil price either except pushing it down a little this morning.

China will likely choose the US over Iranian oil as long as the oil market is plentiful. It is becoming increasingly apparent that exports of crude oil from Iran is being disrupted by broadening US sanctions on tankers according to Vortexa (Bloomberg). Some Iranian November oil cargoes still remain undelivered. Chinese buyers are increasingly saying no to sanctioned vessels. China import around 90% of Iranian crude oil. Looking forward to the Trump administration the choice for China will likely be easy when it comes to Iranian oil. China needs the US much more than it needs Iranian oil. At leas as long as there is plenty of oil in the market. OPEC+ is currently holds plenty of oil on the side-line waiting for room to re-enter. So if Iran goes out, then other oil from OPEC+ will come back in. So there won’t be any squeeze in the oil market and price shouldn’t move all that much up.

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Brent crude inches higher as ”Maximum pressure on Iran” could remove all talk of surplus in 2025

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1 vecka sedan

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13 december, 2024

Redaktionen

Brent crude inch higher despite bearish Chinese equity backdrop. Brent crude traded between 72.42 and 74.0 USD/b yesterday before closing down 0.15% on the day at USD 73.41/b. Since last Friday Brent crude has gained 3.2%. This morning it is trading in marginal positive territory (+0.3%) at USD 73.65/b. Chinese equities are down 2% following disappointing signals from the Central Economic Work Conference. The dollar is also 0.2% stronger. None of this has been able to pull oil lower this morning.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

”Maximum pressure on Iran” are the signals from the incoming US administration. Last time Donald Trump was president he drove down Iranian oil exports to close to zero as he exited the JCPOA Iranian nuclear deal and implemented maximum sanctions. A repeat of that would remove all talk about a surplus oil market next year leaving room for the rest of OPEC+ as well as the US to lift production a little. It would however probably require some kind of cooperation with China in some kind of overall US – China trade deal. Because it is hard to prevent oil flowing from Iran to China as long as China wants to buy large amounts.

Mildly bullish adjustment from the IEA but still with an overall bearish message for 2025. The IEA came out with a mildly bullish adjustment in its monthly Oil Market Report yesterday. For 2025 it adjusted global demand up by 0.1 mb/d to 103.9 mb/d (+1.1 mb/d y/y growth) while it also adjusted non-OPEC production down by 0.1 mb/d to 71.9 mb/d (+1.7 mb/d y/y). As a result its calculated call-on-OPEC rose by 0.2 mb/d y/y to 26.3 mb/d.

Overall the IEA still sees a market in 2025 where non-OPEC production grows considerably faster (+1.7 mb/d y/y) than demand (+1.1 mb/d y/y) which requires OPEC to cut its production by close to 700 kb/d in 2025 to keep the market balanced.

The IEA treats OPEC+ as it if doesn’t exist even if it is 8 years since it was established. The weird thing is that the IEA after 8 full years with the constellation of OPEC+ still calculates and argues as if the wider organisation which was established in December 2016 doesn’t exist. In its oil market balance it projects an increase from FSU of +0.3 mb/d in 2025. But FSU is predominantly part of OPEC+ and thus bound by production targets. Thus call on OPEC+ is only falling by 0.4 mb/d in 2025. In IEA’s calculations the OPEC+ group thus needs to cut production by 0.4 mb/d in 2024 or 0.4% of global demand. That is still a bearish outlook. But error of margin on such calculations are quite large so this prediction needs to be treated with a pinch of salt.

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