Brent crude prices have risen by USD 2.75 per barrel (3.7%) since the start of the week, now trading at USD 74.5 per barrel. This price jump follows significant macroeconomic developments, most notably the Federal Reserve’s decision to implement a “larger” rate cut of 0.50 percentage points, bringing the target range to 4.75-5.00%. The move, driven by progress in managing inflation, reflects the Fed’s shift in focus towards supporting the labor market and the broader economy. Initially, the announcement led to market optimism, boosting stock prices and weakening the US dollar. However, equity markets quickly reversed as concerns grew that the aggressive cut might signal deeper economic issues.

In the oil market, the softer monetary policy outlook has fostered expectations of stronger future demand, supporting a more likely bullish outlook for crude prices further out. Despite this, speculative positions remain heavily short, particularly amid ongoing worries about China’s economic recovery, as highlighted in recent comments. Still, there are near-term signals of increased Chinese crude purchases, helping to mitigate some of the market’s demand-related concerns.

On the supply side, US commercial crude oil inventories decreased by 1.6 million barrels last week, defying the API’s forecast of a 2-million-barrel increase (see page 12 attached). Gasoline and distillate inventories saw minimal changes, underscoring the persistent market tightness. OPEC+, led by Saudi Arabia, continues to play a pivotal role in stabilizing prices through prolonged production cuts, maintaining discipline (so far) in the wake of uncertainty around global demand. Despite tightness in the short term, broader demand fears, especially regarding China, are limiting more significant price increases.

Beyond inventory draws and the Fed’s double rate cut, escalating tensions in the Middle East have also contributed to the recent uptick in the oil price. Israel’s defense minister declared a “new phase” in its regional conflict, sparking concerns of a broader confrontation that could potentially involve Iran, a key OPEC producer.

Despite the recent price gains, Brent crude is still on track for its largest quarterly loss of the year, driven by China’s slowdown and ample global supply. Data from the DOE highlighted weaker demand for diesel (down 0.9% year-on-year) and jet fuel (down 1.4% year-on-year), while gasoline demand saw a slight 1.1% uptick but remained below 9 million barrels per day. However, shrinking US inventories are expected to support further price increases. Crude inventories at the Cushing, Oklahoma, in particular, are well below (!!) the five-year seasonal average, nearing critical low levels.

Brent crude prices have surged by USD 4.5 per barrel, or 6.2%, from last week’s low, now trading at USD 73.2 per barrel. The U.S. two-year yield has dropped to its lowest level since September 2022, while the dollar has weakened significantly due to rising expectations of lower interest rates. Yesterday, the S&P rose by 0.3%, while the Nasdaq fell by 0.5%. A weaker dollar boosted Asian currencies this morning, and heightened expectations of a rate hike in Japan contributed to a 1.8% drop in the Nikkei, driven by a stronger yen.

The recent rally in crude prices is underpinned by several factors, with macroeconomic signals weighing heavily on demand outlooks. A key driver is speculation that the Federal Reserve may implement a double interest rate cut tomorrow. While the Fed’s guidance has been vague, most analysts anticipate a 25 basis points cut, but markets are leaning toward the possibility of a 50 basis points cut. Significant volatility in FX markets is expected. Regardless of the size of the cut, looser monetary policy could stimulate energy demand, leading to a more bullish outlook for oil further along the curve.

In addition, China is showing stronger indications of increasing crude oil and product purchases at current price levels. Net crude and product imports in China rose by 20% month-on-month in August, though they remain 2.2% lower year-on-year in barrels per day. While still below last year’s levels, this uptick has eased concerns of a sharp decline in Chinese demand. Supporting this trend, higher dirty freight rates from the Middle East to China suggest the country is buying more crude as prices have pulled back.

Despite this, bearish sentiment remains in the market, particularly due to record-high speculative short positions driven by concerns about long-term demand, especially from China. This dynamic has resulted in oil prices behaving more like equities, with market participants pricing in future demand fears. However, the market remains tight in the short term, as evidenced by low U.S. crude inventories and continued OPEC+ production cuts. OPEC+, led by Saudi Arabia, has maintained its cuts in response to lower prices, supporting oil prices below USD 75 per barrel.

U.S. crude inventories have consistently drawn down, and OPEC+ continues to withhold significant supply from the market. Under normal circumstances, this would support higher prices, but ongoing concerns about future demand are keeping prices suppressed for now.

Brent crude prices have risen by USD 2.8 per barrel as of yesterday and this morning, currently trading at USD 71.8 per barrel. This is despite U.S. inventory data showing a notable build in both commercial crude and product inventories, typically a bearish signal for the market (details below).

The recent price recovery is unlikely driven by these inventory figures. Instead, it appears to be a response to OPEC+ signaling its intention to intervene if Brent crude prices fall below USD 75 per barrel (take time for the market to fully react). This was made clear last week when the group adjusted its production plans, delaying increases. Such action offers substantial downside protection, limiting further declines.

Over the past few weeks, Brent crude experienced a sharp sell-off, hitting a low of USD 67.7 per barrel on Tuesday. This decline was largely driven by demand concerns stemming from weak economic data in both China and the U.S.

While macroeconomic data for both nations remains sluggish, U.S. consumer spending has held up. For instance, the U.S. ISM non-manufacturing PMI for August showed the services sector expanding for a second consecutive month, recording 51.5 versus the expected 51.3. Although the U.S. economy is clearly decelerating – contributing to bearish market sentiment – the most recent jobs report saw the unemployment rate fall back to 4.2%. As a result, the anticipated Federal Reserve rate cut next week is expected to be 25 basis points, rather than the widely discussed 50 basis points.

Fundamental concerns persist. A ”soft landing” for the U.S. economy seems increasingly plausible, and China’s oil imports appear to be rising as current price levels attract more buying interest. This is reflected in higher VLCC freight rates from the Middle East to China.

As such, there are supporting factors that may limit further price declines, with the potential for prices to recover from here. For more details, read yesterday’s crude oil comment.

U.S. commercial crude oil inventories (excluding the Strategic Petroleum Reserve) increased by 0.8 million barrels last week, bringing the total to 419.1 million barrels, which is 4% below the five-year average for this time of year. This build occurred despite U.S. refineries processing 16.8 million barrels per day (bpd), a decrease of 141,000 bpd from the prior week. Refineries were operating at 92.8% capacity.

In addition, U.S. crude oil imports averaged 6.9 million bpd, an increase of 1.1 million bpd compared to the previous week. However, over the last four weeks, imports averaged 6.5 million bpd, down 7.3% from the same period last year.

For refined products, motor gasoline inventories increased by 2.3 million barrels, although they remain 1% below the five-year average. Distillate (diesel) fuel inventories also rose by 2.3 million barrels but are still 8% below the five-year average.

Overall, total commercial petroleum inventories increased by 9.0 million barrels last week.

On the demand side, total products supplied over the last four weeks averaged 20.5 million bpd, representing a 2.2% decrease compared to the same period last year. Motor gasoline product supplied averaged 9.0 million bpd, up 0.9% year-over-year, while distillate fuel product supplied averaged 3.7 million bpd, down 0.2%. Jet fuel demand fell by 2.3% compared to the same period last year.

Despite the increase in U.S. inventories, overall levels remain relatively low, which could become a key factor in shifting market sentiment and driving prices higher.