Analys
SHB Råvarubrevet 14 september 2012
Råvaror Allmänt
FED överträffade marknadens förväntningar
Amerikanska centralbanken, FED överträffade marknadens förväntningar i torsdags. Fed kommer att stödköpa 40 Mdr USD per månad i bostadsobligationer samt kommer hålla räntan låg till mitten av 2015. Så långt var allt enligt förväntansbilden. Över förväntan var däremot ”tonen” från FED som indi-kerade att återköp pågår tills dess att arbetsmarknaden återhämtat sig samt att återköp kommer fort-sätta även om BNP-tillväxt går upp mot 3-3.5%, det står klart att FED är beredd att överskjuta på inflationsmålet.
För råvaror betyder det att marknaden får stimulativt stöd under en längre tid och vi förväntar oss nu en råvarumarknad som ”glider” uppåt under de kommande månaderna. Guld och silver brukar vara det som mest gynnas av ”oortodox” penningpolitik.
Basmetallerna
Basmetallerna på fortsatt uppgång
Basmetallerna fick sig en rejäl skjuts uppåt under veckan. Metallerna fick hjälp av det allmänna risksentimentet i början av veckan och fick givetvis ytterligare dragkraft när QE3 annonserades igår kväll.
Priserna är upp cirka 6 % i genomsnitt med aluminium och nickel som draglok medan koppar agerade sänke. Något som kan stödja speciellt zink- och aluminiummarknaderna framöver är rapporter om minskat utbud. Rusal, världens största aluminiumproducent, har drabbats av höga energikostnader vilket gör att de kommer dra produktionen med 3 %. Zinkproducenter i Kina har även de dragit ned produktionen till nioårslägsta. Vi är fortsatt positiva till basmetaller eftersom vi tror att stimulansåtgärderna nu kommer sprida sig i den reala ekonomin och dra upp priserna ytterligare.
Kinas makrodata har ännu inte bjudit på positiva överraskningar men Kinas dåliga konjunktur är nu inprisad i råvarorna och de faller inte när kinadata kommer ut. Vi tycker att basmetallerna, som har 50 % exponering mot Kina, handlas på attraktiva nivåer och de bjuder på en intressant uppsida när Kinas konjunkturåterhämtning kommer. Vi ser även att den positiva riskaptiten, drivet av centralbankernas stimulanser ger stöd åt prisbilden. Vi tror på: BULL BASMET H
Ädelmetaller
Rally på ädelmetaller
Feds besked igår kväll har – trots att marknaden handlat positivt inför det – ytterligare eldat på rallyt i ädelmetaller. Guldet handlar nu 1 775 doller per uns, mindre än 10 dollar från årshögsta noterat i februari, att jämföra med maj då det noterade 1 540 usd per uns. Sedan mitten på augusti, då Fed-protokollet antydde ytterligare kvantitativa lättnader har guldet stigit med 11 %.
Vi ser fortfarande utrymme för vidare prisstegring på ädelmetaller, dels drivet av ett allmänt metall-rally, dels av det faktum att guld och silver historiskt gynnats mest av den typ av stimulans Fed ägnar sig åt för tillfälet. Trots att vi handlat på QE-förväntningar under ganska lång tid bedömer vi att marknaden har gott om utrymme kvar på uppsidan då euro-krisen varit det genomgående temat ända sedan i våras.
Feds bekräftade stimulansåtgärder kommer att ge fortsatt stöd åt ädelmetallerna, lett av guld. Vi tror på: ADELMET H
Energi
Vått väder pressar elpriset
Den våta vädertrenden består och nordisk el tappar närmare 3 procent under veckan till 41.35 euro/MWh för kvartalskontraktet Q1 2013. Prognoserna pekar idag fredag på nya nederbördsmängder om 2-3 TWh över normal nivå för det kommande tio dagarna vilket i kombination med låga spotpriser, utsläppskostnader och en pressad energikolsmarknad gör att vi potentiellt kan fortsätta ned till strax under 40 nivån för Q1 2013.
Brytpriset for kolgenererad kraft, vilket brukar fungera som stöd, ligger på ca 38 euro men vi har svårt att det skall gå ändå dit eftersom vi har långt fram till vintern där man ofta söker en riskpremie för eventuell kyla och bortfall av kärnkraft. Som vi skrev i förra brevet finns det egentligen ingen faktor som pekar upp så länge vädret inte slår om till extremt torrt eller kolet finner styrka. Vi tror däremot att marknaden diskonterat för de nederbördsmängder som väntas och ligger kvar med neutral till kort position om det visar sig att hela den förväntade nederbördsmängden faller ut.
Feds tillkännagivande i kombination med politisk oro i samband med antiamerikanska protester driver Brent-oljan upp över 117 dollar mot slutet av veckan. Detta är den högsta nivån på över 4 månader. En ny omgång stödköp av räntepapper ger stöd åt oljemarknaden och vi får räkna med att oroligheterna kring Libyen, Yemen och övriga oljeproducerande länder i området kommer ge upphov till en varaktig riskpremie på marknaden. Däremot förväntas produktionen av Nordsjöolja öka med uppemot 25 procent under de kommande 4-6 veckorna till 2 miljoner fat vilket inte är så värst stora volymer men ändå tillräckligt för att reducera känsligheten för störningar på produktionssidan (och dessutom leda till att spreaden mellan wti och brent, 17.2 dollar, går ihop något. Vi förväntar oss nu att priset stabiliseras varför vi ändrar vår syn från lång till neutral.
Olja är den mest finansiellt handlade råvaran, fortsatta störningar på utbudssidan i kombination med ökad risk-vilja hos investerare efter ECBs och Feds aktioner kan driva olja ytterligare. Vi bedömer dock att det finns en finansiellt driven riskpremie i oljan på grund av oron kring Israels krigsvilja, denna kan snabbt pysa ut om situationen lugnar ner sig. Vi är därför neutrala till oljan.
Livsmedel
Torka i Brasilien – priset på kaffe stiger
Inga större rörelser på Vetemarknaden men Majs tappade däremot 2 procent under veckan efter att USDA justerat upp ingående lager säsongen 2012/2013 vilket var en följd av att den majs som skördats innan 1a september läggs till föregående säsongs skörd. Det vi reagerade mest på i rapporten var att man inte ens justerade ned siffran för Australien, de officiella Australiensiska siffrorna ligger idag på 22.5 miljoner ton medan USDA noterar 26 miljoner ton i sin rapport. Under årets Baltic Grain Exchange konferens i Köpenhamn talade vi med flertalet större aktörer som bekräftade svårigheten att finna fysiskt material på marknaden för de som måste köpa, detta kan resultera i ytterligare en prisuppgång under de kommande veckorna.
Oförändrade siffror från USDA i veckan vad gäller apelsinskörden 2011-12. Efterfrågan på apelsinjuice är fortsättningsvis låg, skördarna goda och hittills har inte odlingsområdena kring Florida drabbats av den rådande orkansäsongen. Antalet namngivna orkaner är något fler denna orkansäsong jämfört med föregående år vilket marknaden är väl medveten om och man kan de senaste veckorna se sambandet mellan priset och de kraftigare orkanernas rörelser.
Torka i Brasilien vilket kan komma att påverka den kommande skörden negativt har fått priset på Arabica kaffe att stiga under veckan. Mer nederbörd behövs de kommande veckorna för att optimera skörden och i dagsläget ser 10dygns prognosen inte lovande ut. Man ska också komma ihåg att vi nu står inför den lägre producerande Brasilianska skörden (två års skördecykel). Colombia, näst största producent av Arabica kaffe, har drabbats av ogynnsamma väderförhållanden och dåliga skördar de senaste 4 åren. En svagare El Nino skulle kunna vara gynnsamt för den kommande skörden. Positiva siffror i juli talar för en ökning av den totala colombianska skörden som avslutas i slutet av september (jämfört med året innan som producerade färre än 8M säckar). De senaste 50 åren har den genomsnittliga skörden av arabicabönor i Colombia varit 11M 60kg säckar.
Handelsbankens Råvaruindex

Handelsbankens råvaruindex består av de underliggande indexen för respektive råvara. Vikterna är bestämda till hälften från värdet av global produktion och till hälften från likviditeten i terminskontrakten.
[box]SHB Råvarubrevet är producerat av Handelsbanken och publiceras i samarbete och med tillstånd på Råvarumarknaden.se[/box]
Ansvarsbegränsning
Detta material är producerat av Svenska Handelsbanken AB (publ) i fortsättningen kallad Handelsbanken. De som arbetar med innehållet är inte analytiker och materialet är inte oberoende investeringsanalys. Innehållet är uteslutande avsett för kunder i Sverige. Syftet är att ge en allmän information till Handelsbankens kunder och utgör inte ett personligt investeringsråd eller en personlig rekommendation. Informationen ska inte ensamt utgöra underlag för investeringsbeslut. Kunder bör inhämta råd från sina rådgivare och basera sina investeringsbeslut utifrån egen erfarenhet.
Informationen i materialet kan ändras och också avvika från de åsikter som uttrycks i oberoende investeringsanalyser från Handelsbanken. Informationen grundar sig på allmänt tillgänglig information och är hämtad från källor som bedöms som tillförlitliga, men riktigheten kan inte garanteras och informationen kan vara ofullständig eller nedkortad. Ingen del av förslaget får reproduceras eller distribueras till någon annan person utan att Handelsbanken dessförinnan lämnat sitt skriftliga medgivande. Handelsbanken ansvarar inte för att materialet används på ett sätt som strider mot förbudet mot vidarebefordran eller offentliggörs i strid med bankens regler.
Analys
SEB Metals price forecast update

Softer economic growth in 2024 calls for somewhat softer metals prices in 2024. Industrial metals prices as well as other commodity prices exploded during Covid-19 as governments around the world unleashed stimuli in the magnitude of 10x of what was done during the global financial crisis in 2008/09. Consumers shifting spending from services to consumer goods added to the boom. Bloomberg’s industrial metals price index was up 91% in March 2022 versus January 2020 because of this. Global manufacturing PMI peaked in May 2021 and has been fading since and below the 50-line from September 2022 with latest reading at 48.8. Industrial metals prices have faded since their peak in March 2022 but are still 30% higher than they were in January 2020. Even zinc, the worst performing metal, is still 9% above where it was in January 2020. As such one could possibly argue that industrial metals have not yet fully faded from their Covid-19 stimulus boom. One possible explanation could be inflation where US inflation is up 19% over the period. But this still leaves industrial metals up 11% in real terms. Another possible explanation is the big jump in energy prices over the period. While coal and gas prices have fallen back a lot, they are still quite high. The coal price in western Europe is 110% above where it was at the start 2020 and 50% above its 2010-2019 average. Most industrial metals are highly energy intensive to produce with digging and crushing of rocks, smelting, and refining of ore. The current aluminium price of USD 2215/ton is for example well aligned with coal prices. In addition to this there has also been significant closures of zinc and aluminium smelting capacity in Europe which probably have supported prices for these metals.
Global economic growth is forecasted to slow from 3.5% in 2022, to 3.0% in 2023 and then again to 2.9% in 2024 as the big jump in interest rates induce economic pain with a lag. Aligned with this we expect lower industrial metals prices in 2024 than in 2023 though only marginally lower for most of the metals. But the field of metals is wide, and the price action is thus adverse. Copper is likely the metal with the most strained supply and with huge needs in the global energy transition.
Aluminium: Prices will likely be depressed versus marginal costs in 2024. Aluminium from Russia is flowing unhindered to the market. Most is going to China for reprocessing and potentially re-exported while some is going to Turkey and Italy. It is all flowing into the global pool of aluminium and as such impacting the global market balance. The LME 3mth aluminium price is currently well aligned with coal prices and both have traded mostly sideways since June this year. Aluminium premiums in the EU have however fallen 30-40% since mid-June in a sign of weakness there. The global market will likely run a surplus in 2024 with depressed prices versus the marginal cost of production.
Copper: Softer fundamentals in 2024 but with accelerating tightness on the horizon. Copper is currently trading at USD 8470/ton and close to 37% above its early Jan 2020 level. The market is expected to run a slight surplus in 2024 followed by accelerating tightness the following years. Downside price risk for 2024 is thus warranted along with softer global growth. The power of Unions is however getting stronger in Latin America with demands for higher salaries. Strikes have broken out in Peru with production at the Las Bambas copper mine at only 20%. Further strikes and disruptions could quickly put the market into deficit also in 2024.
Nickel: Indonesia pursuing market share over price pushing the price down the cost curve. Indonesia’s nickel production is growing rapidly. Its production reached 1.6 million ton in 2022 (+54% YoY) and accounted for close to 50% of total global supply in 2022. Its share looks set to reach 70% by 2030. Lower prices will stimulate demand and will also force higher cost producers to shut down thus making room for the wave of new supply from Indonesia. Prices will be sluggis the nearest years as Indonesia aims for market share over price.
Zinc: Price has stabilized around USD 2500/t. Weakness in global construction will drive prices lower at times in 2024. The 3mth LME zinc price has fallen from a peak of USD 4499/ton in April 2022 to only USD 2248/ton in May 2023. Since then, it has recovered steadily to USD 2500/ton. Demand could struggle in 2024 as construction globally will likely struggle with high interest rates. But mine closures is a natural counter effect of low prices and will put a floor under prices.
Price outlook

Bjarne Schieldrop
Cheif Commodities Analyst
SEB Commodity Research
Analys
Now it’s up to OPEC+

All eyes are now back at OPEC+ after the recent fall in oil prices along with weakening crude curve structures and weakening economic statistics. OPEC+ will have to step up the game and give solid guidance of what it intends to do in 2024. If Saudi Arabia is to carry the burden alone (with only a little help from Russia) it will likely need to keep its production at around 9.0 m b/d on average for 2024 and drop it down towards 8.5 m b/d in Q1-24. This may be too much to ask from Saudi Arabia and it may demand some of the other OPEC members to step up and join in on the task to regulate the market in 2024. More specifically this means Iraq, Kuwait and UAE. The oil market will likely be quite nervous until a firm message from Saudi/Russia/OPEC+ is delivered to the market some time in December.

Saudi Arabia may get some help from President Joe Biden though as his energy secretary adviser, Amos Hochstein, has stated that the US will enforce sanctions on Iran on more than 1 m b/d.
Brent crude fell 4.6% ydy to USD 77.4/b and over the last three trading sessions it has lost USD 5.1/b. This morning it is trading only marginally higher at USD 77.6/b which is no vote of confidence. A good dose of rebound this morning would have been a signal that the sell-off yesterday possibly was exaggerated and solely driven by investors with long positions flocking to the exit. So there’s likely more downside to come.
In general there is a quite good relationship between net long speculative positions in Brent crude and WTI versus the global manufacturing cycle. Oil investors overall typically have an aversion of holding long positions in oil when the global economy is slowing down. As of yet there are few signs that the global economic cycle is about to turn. Rather the opposite seems to be the case. Global manufacturing fell in October and yesterday we saw US industrial production fall 0.6% MoM while continued jobless claims rose more than expected and to the highest level in two years. This matches well with the logic that the strong rise in interest rates since March 2022 is inflicting pain on the economy with more pain ahead as the effect comes with a lag.
Most estimates are that the global oil market is running a solid deficit in Q4-23. The IEA has an implied deficit in the global oil market of 1 m b/d in Q4-23 if we assume that OPEC will produce 28 m b/d vs. a call-on-OPEC at 29 m b/d. But prices in the oil market is telling a different story with weakening crude curves, weakening refining margins and a sharp sell-off in oil prices.
For 2024 the general forecasts are that global economic growth will slow, global oil demand growth will slow and also that the need for oil from OPEC will fall from 28.7 m b/d to 28.4 m b/d (IEA). This is a bearish environment for oil. The average Brent crude oil price so far this year is about USD 83/b. It should essentially be expected to deliver lower in 2024 with the negatives mentioned above.
Two things however will likely counter this and they are interconnected. US shale oil activity has been slowing with falling drilling rig count since early December 2022 and that has been happening at an average WTI price of USD 78/b. The result is that total US liquids production is set to grow by only 0.3 m b/d YoY in Q4-24. This allows OPEC+ to support the oil price at USD 80-90/b through 2024 without fear of loosing a significant market share to US oil production. Thus slowing US liquids production and active price management by OPEC+ goes hand in hand. As such we do expect OPEC+ to step up to the task.
So far it has predominantly been Saudi Arabia with a little help from Russia which together proactively have managed the oil market and the oil price through significant cuts. Saudi Arabia produced 10.5 m b/d in April but then cut production rapidly to only 9.0 m b/d which is what it still produces. Its normal production is about 10 m b/d.
What has made the situation more difficult for Saudi Arabia is the combination of solid growth in non-OPEC supply in 2023 (+2.1 m b/d YoY; IEA) but also a substantial revival in production by Venezuela and Iran. The two produced 660 k b/d more in October than they on average did in 2022. So the need for oil from Saudi Arabia is squeezed from both sides.
All eyes are now back at OPEC+ after the recent fall in oil prices along with weakening crude curve structures and weakening economic statistics.
OPEC+ will have to step up the game and give solid guidance of what it intends to do in 2024. If Saudi Arabia is to carry the burden alone (with only a little help from Russia) then it will likely need to keep its production at around 9.0 m b/d on average for 2024 and drop it down towards 8.5 m b/d in Q1-24. This may be too much to ask from Saudi Arabia and it may demand some of the other OPEC members to step up and join in on the task to regulate the market in 2024. More specifically this means Iraq, Kuwait and UAE.
The oil market will likely be quite nervous until a firm message from Saudi/Russia/OPEC+ is delivered to the market some time in December.
Saudi Arabia may get some help from President Joe Biden though as his energy secretary adviser, Amos Hochstein, has stated that the US will enforce sanctions on Iran on more than 1 m b/d.
Analys
More from Venezuela and Iran means smaller pie for Saudi

Production in Venezuela and Iran is on the rise and is set to rise further in the coming months and in 2024. Combined their production could grow by 0.8 m b/d YoY to 2024 (average year to average year). The IEA projected in its latest OMR (Oct-2023) that call-on-OPEC will fall to 28.3 m b/d in 2024, a decline of 0.5 m b/d. This combination would drive implied call-on-Saudi from 10.4 m b/d in 2023 to only 9.1 m b/d in 2024 and as low as 8.6 m b/d in Q1-24 if Saudi Arabia has to do all the heavy lifting alone. Wider core OPEC cooperation may be required.

The IEA is out in the news today projecting peak oil demand this decade with global demand standing at no more than 102 m b/d towards the end of this decade. If so it would imply a call-on-Non-OPEC of only 66.4 m b/d in 2028 assuming that OPEC in general will demand a market share of 30 m b/d + NGL of 5.6 m b/d. The IEA (Oct-23) projects non-OPEC production to average 68.8 m b/d in 2024. That’s already 2.4 m b/d more than what would be sustainable over time if global oil demand is set to peak later this decade. Oil producers in general cannot have a production growth strategy in a peak oil demand world.
The US has decided to lift sanctions towards Venezuela for six months (18 April) as a measure to tempt it to move towards more democratic processes. And if it does, then the lifting of sanctions could continue after the 6 months. A primary opposition election took place this weekend with lawmaker Maria Corina Machado currently holding 93% of the vote count. Venezuela will next year hold a presidential election but fair play seems unlikely with Maduro in charge. The lifting of sanctions allows Venezuela’s PdV to resume exports to all destinations. Bans on new, foreign investments in the oil and gas sector are also lifted though Russian entities and JV’s are still barred.
Venezuela produced 0.8 m b/d in September and indicates that it can lift production by 0.2 m b/d by year and with more rigs and wells by 0.5 m b/d to 1.3 m b/d in the medium term.
Oil production in Iran has been on a steady rise since its low-point of 2.0 m b/d in 2020. Last year it produced 2.5 m b/d. In September it produced 3.1 m b/d, but Iran’s oil minister says production now is at 3.3 m b/d. Iran’s rising production and exports is not about the US being more lenient in its enforcement of sanctions towards Iran. It is more about Iran finding better ways to circumvent them but even more importantly that China is importing more and more oil from Iran.
Production by Iran and Venezuela is recovering. YoY production from the two could rise by close to 0.8 m b/d in 2024. This will lead to a decline in call-on-Saudi oil.

The IEA estimated in its latest OMR report that call-on-OPEC will fall from 28.8 m b/d in 2023 to 28.3 m b/d in 2024. If all OPEC members except Saudi Arabia produces the same amount in 2024 as in 2023, then the need for Saudi Arabia’s oil (call-on-Saudi) will fall from a healthy 10.4 m b/d in 2023 to a still acceptable 9.9 m b/d in 2024. Its normal production is roughly 10 m b/d.
If however production by Iran and Venezuela rise by a combined 0.5 m b/d YoY in 2024, then call-on-Saudi will fall to 9.4 m b/d which is not so good but still manageable. But if Iran’s oil minister is correct when he says that its current production now is at 3.3 m b/d, then it is not far fetched to assume that Iran’s oil production may average maybe 3.4-3.5 m b/d in 2024. That would yield a YoY rise of 0.6 m b/d just for Iran. If we also assume that Venezuela manages to lift its production from 0.8 m b/d this year to 1.0 m b/d in 2024, then the combined growth from the two is closer to 0.8 m b/d. That would push call-on-Saudi down to only 9.1 m b/d which is not good at all. It would require Saudi Arabia to produce at its current production of 9.0 m b/d all through 2024.
The IEA further estimates that call-on-OPEC will average 27.7 m b/d in Q1-24. If we assume Iran @ 3.4 m b/d and Venezuela @ 1.0 m b/d then call-on-Saudi in Q1-24 will only be 8.6 m b/d. I.e. Saudi Arabia will have to cut production further to 8.6 m b/d in Q1-24. At that point Saudi Arabia will likely need or like other core OPEC members like Iraq, Kuwait and UAE as well as Russia to join in.
Implied call-on-Saudi. Call-on-OPEC is set to decline from 28.8 m b/d to 28.3 m b/d to 2024. If all OPEC members produced the same in 2024 as in 2023 then call-on-Saudi would fall by 0.5 m b/d to 9.9 m b/d. But if Venezuela and Iran increases their combined production by 0.8 m b/d YoY in 2024 then call-on-Saudi falls to 9.1 m b/d.

If we look a little broader on this topic and also include Libya, Nigeria and Angola we see that this group of OPEC members produced 11.4 m b/d in 2010, 10.1 m b/d in 2017 and only 5.1 m b/d at the low-point in August 2020. The decline by these OPEC members has of course the other OPEC and OPEC+ members to stem the rising flood of US shale oil production. The production from this unfortunate group of OPEC-laggards is however now on the rise reaching 7.5 m b/d in September. With more from Iran and Venezuela it could rise to 8.0 m b/d in 2024. Production from Nigeria and Angola though still looks to be in gradual decline while Libya looks more sideways. So for the time being it is all about the revival of Iran and Venezuela.
The unfortunate OPEC-laggards had a production of 11.4 m b/d in 2010. But production then fell to only 5.1 m b/d in August 2020. It helped the rest of OPEC’s members to manage the huge increase in US shale oil production. Production from these countries are now on the rebound. Though Nigeria and Angola still seems to be in gradual decline.

What everyone needs to be attentive to is that call-on-OPEC and even more importantly call-on-Saudi can only erode to a limit before Saudi/OPEC/Russia will have to take action. Especially if the forecast for needed oil from OPEC/Saudi for the nearest 2-3 years is in significant decline. Then they will have to take action in the sense that they stop defending the price and allows the price to fall sharply along with higher production. And yet again it is US shale oil producers who will have to take the brunt of the pain. They are the only oil producers in the world who can naturally and significantly reduce their production rather quickly. I.e. the US shale oil players will have to be punished into obedience, if possible, yet one more time.
We don’t think that it is any immediate risk for this to happen as US shale oil activity is slowing while global oil demand has rebounded following Covid-lockdowns. But one needs to keep a watch on projections for call-on-OPEC and call-on-Saudi stretching 1-2-3 years forward on a continuous basis.
In its medium term oil market outlook, Oil2023, the IEA projected a fairly healthy development for call-on-OPEC to 2028. First bottoming out at 29.4 m b/d in 2024 before rising gradually to 30.6 m b/d in 2028. The basis for this was a slowing though steady rise in global oil demand to 105.7 m b/d in 2028 together with stagnant non-OPEC production due to muted capex spending over the past decade. But this projection has already been significantly dented and reduced in IEA’s latest OMR from October where call-on-OPEC for 2024 is projected at only 28.3 m b/d.
In a statement today the IEA projects that global oil demand will peak this decade and consume no more than 102 m b/d in the late 2020ies due to (in large part) rapid growth in EV sales. This would imply a call-on-OPEC of only 26.9 m b/d in 2028. It is not a viable path for OPEC to produce only 26.9 m b/d in 2028. Especially if production by Iran and Venezuela is set to revive. I.e. OPEC’s pie is shrinking while at the same time Iran and Venezuela is producing more. In this outlook something will have to give and it is not OPEC.
One should here turn this on its head and assume that OPEC will produce 30 m b/d in 2028. Add OPEC NGLs of 5.6 m b/d and we get 35.6 m b/d. If global oil demand in 2028 stands at only 102 m b/d then call-on-Non-OPEC equates to 66.4 m b/d. That is 3.1 m b/d less than IEA’s non-OPEC production projection for 2028 of 69.5 m b/d but also higher than non-OPEC production projection of 68.8 m b/d (IEA, Oct-23) is already 2.4 m b/d too high versus what is a sustainable level.
What this of course naturally means is that oil producers in general cannot have production growth as a strategy in a peak-oil-demand-world with non-OPEC in 2024 already at 2.4 m b/d above its sustainable level.
The US is set to growth its hydrocarbon liquids by 0.5 m b/d YoY in 2024. But in a zero oil demand growth world that is way, way too much.

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