Analys
SEB – Råvarukommentarer, 7 september 2012
Sammanfattning av rekommendationer
Även den här veckan har rekommendationerna varit vinstgivande.
Råolja – Brent
Uppgången in i motståndsområdet verkar ha kommit av sig, dock noteras även stöd i ett glidande 233-dagars genomsnittsband ($113.30 / 110.00), men skulle utbudet vara så stort att efterfrågan i detta området mättas så räknar vi med fall ner in i ett bredare ~$108 / 101 område. Nya toppar krävs nu för att minska den kortsiktiga nedåtrisken.
Vi tycker att oljeprisuppgången som inleddes i början av juli gick väl snabbt och kanske även väl högt men noterar att så länge utbudsstörningarna kvarstår, så är utbuds- och efterfrågebalansen tight, varför det är rimligt med ett brentpris i rangen 100-115 usd/fat. Vid nuvarande prisnivå kring 113 usd rekommendera vi en kort position. Även vår tekniska analys stöder en kort position. Man väljer t ex BEAR OLJA X2 S eller BEAR OLJA X4 S – om man vill ha hög hävstång.
Elektricitet
Elterminerna på elbörsen har sedan förra veckans kortrekommendation fallit 2.8% . I allt väsentligt kvarstår argumenten för nedsidan och i vissa delar har de även stärkts.
Priset befinner sig en bit från tidigare bottnar, vilka med den nuvarande fundamentala situationen, bör vara inom räckhåll.
Höstvädret blir avgörande för elpriset framöver då fyllnadsgraden i vattenmagasinen fortsatt är på 5-års högsta. Den gångna veckans nederbördsutfall har varit rikligt och prognoserna, vilka nu är starkt influerade av resterna av de stormsystem som tidigare svept in över USA:s syd- och östkust, visar på mycket stora mängder regn. Produktion i de svenska kärnkraftverken är på uppgång och på sina håll i södra Norge är det troligt att vattenkraftproducenter den närmaste tiden t o m tvingas ”spilla” vatten förbi turbinerna.
Vår syn på priset (lägre) på fossila bränslen som kol och naturgas är också oförändrad. Såvida inte vädersituationen ändras väsentligt inom den närmaste tiden tror vi därför att kontraktet som är underliggande för våra certifikat på el har fortsatt nedsida, varför kortrekommendationen kvarstår.
Guld, Silver och Platina
Ädelmetallerna går väldigt starkt och är tydligaste indikationen på marknadens förväntningar om stimulanspaket under hösten. Silver är vinnaren med en uppgång med 7 % sedan förra fredagen. Guld har stigit 3% medan Platina är upp 5 %. Trenderna är starka och stöds både av stimulansförväntningar och positiva tekniska signaler. Vi tror att komplexet har mer att ge. Ur ett kortsiktigt tekniskt perspektiv finns utrymme upp till $1800 (nu 1705) för guld, $ 35 (nu 32,60) för silver och $1700 (nu 1582) för Platina.
Vår favorit är Platina (t ex genom certifikatet PLATINA S, eller för den som vill ha lite mer hävstång, BULL PLATIN X4 S). Nedan ser vi platinaprisets utveckling, där brottet av den långsiktiga motståndslinjen, signalerar att den långa konsolideringsperioden är bruten, på uppsidan!
Nedan ser vi silverprisets kursutveckling. Det är samma starka tekniska köpsignal i den här metallen.
Koppar
Bernanke’s tal förra veckan gav inte några nya indikationer. De penningpolitiska stimulanserna kanske dröjer någon månad till. Blickarna vändes istället mot ECB:s räntebesked idag torsdag. Draghi bekräftade obligationsköp. Det var det som marknaden ville höra och priserna steg. Basmetaller har gått starkt i veckan och är upp mellan 2 och 3 %. Veckan inleddes annars med Kinas index är nu under den psykologiska 50-nivån. Negativa siffror således och basmetaller brukar följa ISM, men inte nu paradoxalt nog. Aktörerna väljer att se dem som en bekräftelse att Kina måste göra någonting. Frågan är bara vad och hur mycket.
Kopparpriset är nu tillbaka i den övre delen av trading-intervallet. Antalet utestående terminskontrakt på LME är fortfarande ovanligt lågt, den lägsta nivå sen i början av 2009. Det visar hur osäkra aktörerna är. De vill inte ta några stora positioner just nu. Så länge vi är kvar i intervallet erbjuds intressanta tradingmöjligheter, mellan $7300 och $7700, men med viss försiktighet när marknaden når brytpunkterna.
Vi väljer att fortsätta rekommendera köp av KOPPAR S.
Kaffe
Priset på Arabica, som handlas i New York, har fortsatt att falla i pris och vi undrar om inte utbrottet från trendlinjen var falskt. Skörden av Robusta i Vietnam har drabbats av torka. Det huvudsakliga odlingsområdet Dak Lak har fått 4.6 mm regn de senaste tio dagarna mot 22 normalt och förra året. Robusta-lagren i London har fallit med 65% sedan toppen i juli. Enligt en survey gjord av Bloomberg kan skörden minska med 10% från förra året. Coffee Network, en del av FC Stone, råvaruhandlaren, förutspår att utbudet bara överträffar efterfrågan med 500,000 säckar nästa år. En säck grönt kaffe väger 60 kilo.
Det är möjligt att kaffepriset håller på att etablera en botten med 1.50 dollar som stödnivå. Man bör kunna bottenfiska KAFFE S på de här nivåerna och sedan vänta in prisuppgångar i framtiden.
Socker
Priset på socker har studsat upp från strax under 20 cent och ligger nu på nästan exakt 20 cent. Trenden är ner, men trenden är också gammal.
Kakao
Vi skrev förra veckan att vi skulle vilja vara långa kakao om nivån 2500 dollar bröts. Den bröts i veckan och vi är därför långa KAKAO S. Västafrika har drabbats av torka. De kommande 30 dagarnas väder blir avgörande för skörden i Elfenbenskusten, som tävlar med Ghana om att vara världens största producenter.
För spannmål och övriga jordbruksprodukter hänvisas till gårdagens nyhetsbrev.
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Disclaimer
The information in this document has been compiled by SEB Merchant Banking, a division within Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) (“SEB”).
Opinions contained in this report represent the bank’s present opinion only and are subject to change without notice. All information contained in this report has been compiled in good faith from sources believed to be reliable. However, no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made with respect to the completeness or accuracy of its contents and the information is not to be relied upon as authoritative. Anyone considering taking actions based upon the content of this document is urged to base his or her investment decisions upon such investigations as he or she deems necessary. This document is being provided as information only, and no specific actions are being solicited as a result of it; to the extent permitted by law, no liability whatsoever is accepted for any direct or consequential loss arising from use of this document or its contents.
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Market is starting to take US/Iran headlines with a pinch of salt. Brent crude rose $2.8/b yesterday to an official close of $112.1/b. But after that it traded as low as $108.05/b before ending late night at around $109.7/b. Through the day it traded in a range of $106.87 – 112.72/b amid a flurry of news or rumors from Iran and the US. ”US temporary sanctions during negotiations” (falls alarm). ”We will bomb Iran” (not anyhow),… etc. While the market is still fluctuating to this kind of news flow, it is starting to take such headlines with a pinch of salt.
We’ll see. Maybe, maybe not. The Brent M1 contract is trading at $110.2/b this morning which very close to the average ticks through yesterday of $110.4/b.
Trump with bearish, verbal intervention whenever Brent trades above $110/b it seems. What seems to be a pattern is that Trump states something like ”very good negotiations going on with Iran”, ”New leaders in Iran are great,..”, ”Great progress in negotiations,…”, ”Deal in sight,..” etc whenever the Brent M1 contract trades above $110/b. An effort to cool the market. These hot air verbal interventions from Trump used to have a heavy bearish impact on prices, but they now seems to have less and less effect unless they are backed by reality.
As far as we can see there has been no real progress in the negotiations between the US and Iran with both sides still standing by their previous demands.
Iran is getting stronger while the cease fire lasts making a return to war for Trump yet harder. Iran is naturally in constant preparation for a return to war given Trump’s steady threats of bombing Iran again. Iran is naturally doing what ever is possible to prepare for a return to war. And every day the cease fire lasts it is better prepared. This naturally makes it more and more difficult and dangerous for the US to return to warring activity versus Iran as the consequences for energy infrastructure in the Persian Gulf will be more and more severe the longer the cease fire lasts. Israel seems to see it this way as well. That the war is not won and that current frozen state of a cease fire gives Iran opportunity to rebuild military and politically.
Global inventories are drawing down day by day. How much? In the meantime the Strait of Hormuz stays closed. There is varying measures and estimates of how much global inventories are drawing down. Our rough estimate, back of the envelope, is that global inventories are drawing down by at least some 10 mb/d or about 300 mb/d in a balance between loss of supply versus demand destruction. Other estimates we see are a monthly draw of 250-270 mb/d. The IEA only ’measured’ a draw in global observable stocks of 117 mb in April with oil on water rising 53 mb while on shore stocks fell 170 mb. But global stocks are hard to measure with large invisible, unmeasured stocks. As such a back of the envelope approach may be better.
Oil products is what the world is consuming. Oil product prices likely to rise while product stocks fall. Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) are predominantly crude oil. Discharging oil from OECD SPR stocks, a sharp reduction in Chinese crude imports and a reduction in global refinery throughput of 6-7 mb/d has helped to keep crude oil markets satisfactorily supplied. But global inventories are drawing down none the less. And oil products is really what the world is consuming. So if global refinery throughput stays subdued, then demand will eventually have to match the supply of oil products. The likely path forward this summer is a steady draw down in jet fuel, diesel and gasoline. Higher prices for these. Then, if possible, higher refinery throughput and higher usage of crude in response to very profitable refinery margins. And lastly sharper draw in crude stocks and higher prices for these. But some 6 mb/d of oil products used to be exported through the Strait of Hormuz. And it may not be so easy to ramp up refinery activity across the world to compensate. Especially as Ukraine continues to damage Russian refineries as well as Russian crude production and export facilities.
Watch oil product stocks and prices as well as Brent calendar 2027. What to watch for this summer is thus oil product inventories falling and oil product premiums to crude rising. Another measure to watch is the Brent crude 2027 contract as it rises steadily day by day as the Strait of Hormuz stays closed and global oil inventories decline. The latter is close to the highest level since the start of the war and keeps rising.
The Brent M1 contract and the Brent 2027 prices and current price of jet fuel in Europe (ARA). All in USD/b
Our back of the envelope calculation of the global shortage created by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Note that 3.5 mb/d of discharge from SPR is also a draw. Note also that ’Forced demand loss’ of 2.5 mb/d is probably temporary and will fall back towards zero as logistics are sorted out leaving ’Price demand loss’ to do the job of balancing the market. Thus a shortfall of at least 9 mb/d created by the closure. More if SPR discharge is included and more if Forced demand loss recedes.
Brent is climbing higher. Front-month is at USD 106.3/bl this morning, close to a weekly high and a USD 9/bl jump from Mondays open. This is the move we flagged as a risk earlier in the week: the market shifting from ”a deal is around the corner” to ”this is going to take longer than we thought”.
Analyst Commodities, SEB
During April, rest-of-year Brent remained remarkably stable around USD 90/bl. A stability which rested on one single assumption: the SoH reopens around 1 May. That assumption is now slowly falling apart.
As we highlighted yesterday: every week of delay beyond 1 May adds (theoretically) ish USD 5/bl to the rest-of-year average, as global inventories draw 100 million barrels per week. i.e., a mid-May reopening implies rest-of-year Brent closer to USD 100/bl, and anything pushing into June or July takes us meaningfully higher.
What’s changed in the last 48 hours:
#1: The US military has formally warned that clearing suspected sea mines from SoH could take up to six months. That is a completely different timescale from what the financial market is pricing. Even a political deal tomorrow does not immediately reopen the strait.
#2: Trump has shifted his tone from urgency to ”strategic patience”. In yesterday’s press conference: ”Don’t rush me… I want a great deal.” The market is reading this as a president no longer feeling pressured by timelines, with the naval blockade running in the background.
#3: So far, the military activity is escalating, not de-escalating. Axios reports Iran is laying more mines in SoH. The US 3rd carrier strike group (USS George H.W. Bush) is arriving with two countermine vessels. Trump yesterday ordered the US Navy to destroy any Iranian boats caught laying mines. While CNN reports that the Pentagon is actively drawing up plans to strike Iranian SoH capabilities and individual Iranian military leaders if the ceasefire collapses. i.e., NOT a attitude consistent with an imminent deal!
Spot crude and product prices eased off the early-April highs on a combination of system rerouting and deal optimism. Both now weakening. Goldman estimates April Gulf output is reduced by 14.5 mbl/d, or 57% of pre-war supply, a number that keeps getting worse the longer this drags on.
Demand-side adaptation is ongoing: S. Korea has cut its Middle East crude dependence from 69% to 56% by pulling more from the Americas and Africa, and Japan is kicking off a second round of SPR releases from 1 May. But SPRs are finite.
Ref. to the negotiations, we should not bet on speed. The current Iranian leadership is dominated by genuine hardliners willing to absorb economic pain and run the clock to extract concessions. That is not a setup for a rapid resolution. US/Israeli media briefings keep framing the delay as ”internal Iranian divisions”, the reality is more complicated and points toward weeks and months, not days.
Our point is that the complexity is large, and higher prices have only just started (given a scenario where the negotiations drag out in time). The market spent April leaning on the USD 90/bl rest-of-year assumption; that case is diminishing by the hour. If ”early May reopening” is replaced by ”June, July or later” over the next week or two, both crude and products have meaningful room to reprice higher from here. There is a high risk being short energy and betting on any immediate political resolution(!).
Down on Friday. Up on Monday. The Brent June crude oil contract traded down 5.1% last week to a close of $90.38/b. It reached a high of $103.87/b last Monday and a low of $86.09/b on Friday as Iran announced that the Strait of Hormuz was fully open for transit. That quickly changed over the weekend as the US upheld its blockade of Iranian oil exports while Iran naturally responded by closing the SoH again. The US blew a hole in the engine room of the Iranian ship TOUSKA and took custody of the ship on Sunday. Brent crude is up 5.6% this morning to $95.4/b.
The cease-fire is expiring tomorrow. The US has said it will send a delegation for a second round of negotiations in Islamabad in Pakistan. But Iran has for now rejected a second round of talks as it views US demands as unrealistic and excessive while the US is also blocking the Strait of Hormuz.
While Brent is up 5% this morning, the financial market is still very optimistic that progress will be made. That talks will continue and that the SoH will fully open by the start of May which is consistent with a rest-of-year average Brent crude oil price of around $90/b with the market now trading that balance at around $88/b.
Financial optimism vs. physical deterioration. We have a divergence where the financial market is trading negotiations, improvements and resolution while at the same time the physical market is deteriorating day by day. Physical oil flows remain constrained by disrupted flows, longer voyage times and elevated freight and insurance costs.
Financial markets are betting that a US/Iranian resolution will save us in time from violent shortages down the road. But every day that the SoH remains closed is bringing us closer to a potentially very painful point of shortages and much higher prices.
The US blockade is also a weapon of leverage against its European and Asian allies. When Iran closed the SoH it held the world economy as a hostage against the US. The US blockade of the SoH is of course blocking Iranian oil exports. But it is also an action of disruption directed towards Europe and Asia. The US has called for the rest of the world to engaged in the war with Iran: ”If you want oil from the Persian Gulf, then go and get it”. A risk is that the US plays brinkmanship with the global oil market directed towards its European and Asian allies and maybe even towards China to force them to engage and take part. Maybe unthinkable. But unthinkable has become the norm with Trump in the White House.
Sommarväder skapar prisrally på elbörsen
Oil product price pain is set to rise as the Strait of Hormuz stays closed into summer
Solkraften pressar elpriserna dagtid
Michel Gubel ger sin syn på oljemarknaden