Brent crude prices have dropped by roughly USD 2 per barrel (2.5%) following Saudi Arabia’s shift towards prioritizing production volume over price. The Brent price initially tumbled by nearly USD 3 per barrel, reaching a low of USD 70.7 before recovering to USD 71.8. The market is reacting to reports suggesting that Saudi Arabia may abandon its unofficial USD 100 per barrel target to regain market share, aligning with plans to increase output by 2.2 million barrels per day starting in December 2024.

This move, while not yet officially confirmed, signals a stronger commitment from Saudi Arabia to boost supply, despite market expectations that they might delay the increase if prices remained below USD 80. If confirmed by the Saudi Energy Ministry, further downward pressure on prices is expected, as the market is already pricing in this potential increase.

For months, the market has been skeptical about whether Saudi Arabia would follow through with the production increase, but the recent rhetoric indicates that the Kingdom may act on its initial plan. The decision to increase production is likely motivated by a desire to regain market share, especially as OPEC+ continues to carefully manage output levels.

The latest US DOE report revealed a bullish drawdown of 4.5 million barrels in U.S. crude inventories, now 5% below the five-year average. Gasoline and distillate stocks also saw decreases of 1.5 million and 2.2 million barrels, respectively, both sitting significantly below seasonal averages. Total commercial petroleum inventories plummeted by 14.6 million barrels last week, signaling some continued tightness in the US here and now.

U.S. refinery inputs averaged 16.4 million bpd, a slight reduction from the previous week, with refineries operating at 90.9% capacity. Gasoline production rose to 9.8 million bpd, while distillate production dipped to 4.9 million bpd. Although crude imports rose to 6.5 million bpd, the four-week average remains 9.5% lower year-on-year, reflecting softer U.S. imports.

In terms of US demand, total products supplied averaged 20.3 million bpd over the past four weeks, a 1.4% decline year-over-year. Gasoline demand saw a slight uptick of 2.1%, while distillate and jet fuel demand remained relatively flat.

The easing of geopolitical tensions between Israel and Hezbollah has also contributed to the recent price dip, with hopes for a potential ceasefire easing regional risk concerns. Additionally, uncertainty persists around the impact of China’s monetary easing on future demand growth, adding further downward pressure on prices.

Brent crude prices have risen by USD 2.75 per barrel (3.7%) since the start of the week, now trading at USD 74.5 per barrel. This price jump follows significant macroeconomic developments, most notably the Federal Reserve’s decision to implement a “larger” rate cut of 0.50 percentage points, bringing the target range to 4.75-5.00%. The move, driven by progress in managing inflation, reflects the Fed’s shift in focus towards supporting the labor market and the broader economy. Initially, the announcement led to market optimism, boosting stock prices and weakening the US dollar. However, equity markets quickly reversed as concerns grew that the aggressive cut might signal deeper economic issues.

In the oil market, the softer monetary policy outlook has fostered expectations of stronger future demand, supporting a more likely bullish outlook for crude prices further out. Despite this, speculative positions remain heavily short, particularly amid ongoing worries about China’s economic recovery, as highlighted in recent comments. Still, there are near-term signals of increased Chinese crude purchases, helping to mitigate some of the market’s demand-related concerns.

On the supply side, US commercial crude oil inventories decreased by 1.6 million barrels last week, defying the API’s forecast of a 2-million-barrel increase (see page 12 attached). Gasoline and distillate inventories saw minimal changes, underscoring the persistent market tightness. OPEC+, led by Saudi Arabia, continues to play a pivotal role in stabilizing prices through prolonged production cuts, maintaining discipline (so far) in the wake of uncertainty around global demand. Despite tightness in the short term, broader demand fears, especially regarding China, are limiting more significant price increases.

Beyond inventory draws and the Fed’s double rate cut, escalating tensions in the Middle East have also contributed to the recent uptick in the oil price. Israel’s defense minister declared a “new phase” in its regional conflict, sparking concerns of a broader confrontation that could potentially involve Iran, a key OPEC producer.

Despite the recent price gains, Brent crude is still on track for its largest quarterly loss of the year, driven by China’s slowdown and ample global supply. Data from the DOE highlighted weaker demand for diesel (down 0.9% year-on-year) and jet fuel (down 1.4% year-on-year), while gasoline demand saw a slight 1.1% uptick but remained below 9 million barrels per day. However, shrinking US inventories are expected to support further price increases. Crude inventories at the Cushing, Oklahoma, in particular, are well below (!!) the five-year seasonal average, nearing critical low levels.

Brent crude prices have surged by USD 4.5 per barrel, or 6.2%, from last week’s low, now trading at USD 73.2 per barrel. The U.S. two-year yield has dropped to its lowest level since September 2022, while the dollar has weakened significantly due to rising expectations of lower interest rates. Yesterday, the S&P rose by 0.3%, while the Nasdaq fell by 0.5%. A weaker dollar boosted Asian currencies this morning, and heightened expectations of a rate hike in Japan contributed to a 1.8% drop in the Nikkei, driven by a stronger yen.

The recent rally in crude prices is underpinned by several factors, with macroeconomic signals weighing heavily on demand outlooks. A key driver is speculation that the Federal Reserve may implement a double interest rate cut tomorrow. While the Fed’s guidance has been vague, most analysts anticipate a 25 basis points cut, but markets are leaning toward the possibility of a 50 basis points cut. Significant volatility in FX markets is expected. Regardless of the size of the cut, looser monetary policy could stimulate energy demand, leading to a more bullish outlook for oil further along the curve.

In addition, China is showing stronger indications of increasing crude oil and product purchases at current price levels. Net crude and product imports in China rose by 20% month-on-month in August, though they remain 2.2% lower year-on-year in barrels per day. While still below last year’s levels, this uptick has eased concerns of a sharp decline in Chinese demand. Supporting this trend, higher dirty freight rates from the Middle East to China suggest the country is buying more crude as prices have pulled back.

Despite this, bearish sentiment remains in the market, particularly due to record-high speculative short positions driven by concerns about long-term demand, especially from China. This dynamic has resulted in oil prices behaving more like equities, with market participants pricing in future demand fears. However, the market remains tight in the short term, as evidenced by low U.S. crude inventories and continued OPEC+ production cuts. OPEC+, led by Saudi Arabia, has maintained its cuts in response to lower prices, supporting oil prices below USD 75 per barrel.

U.S. crude inventories have consistently drawn down, and OPEC+ continues to withhold significant supply from the market. Under normal circumstances, this would support higher prices, but ongoing concerns about future demand are keeping prices suppressed for now.