Analys
Crude oil comment – Harvey driving cracks to the sky

Harvey has presumably dissrupted some 3 to 4 m bl/d of refinery activity in the area around Houston Texas and Louisiana or up to 20% of total US refining capacity. This leads to a comparable amount of reduced refinery processing/consumption of crude oil and a likewise a reduction in the supply of oil products from the closed refineries. Thus crude oil prices have declined while oil product prices have increased.
The refinery margin to produce oil products have increased strongly over the past week. Both the diesel and the gasoline cracks in the US (product prices versus WTI crude (feedstock) prices) have sky rocketed. Product cracks in Europe has also followed suit but somewhat less as Brent crude has held its ground better than WTI.
The WTI crude oil price has gotten an exstra push to the downside because the WTI index is priced in Cushing Oklahoma. Lots of US shale oil is flowing through Cushing on its way to the coast where this high quality crude is either processed or exported while lower quality medium sour crude is imported to match the need of the refineries in the area.
At the moment lots of ports are shut and out of operation. Thus many of the refineries are neither able to import the medium sour crude they need nor transporting away potential oil products they might produce no matter whether the refineries are damaged or not. As long as the ports are closed there is little they can do. At the same time crude oil on its way to the GOM is accumulating in Cushing which is the actual pricing point of WTI. As stocks fill up there the WTI crude oil prices are pushed lower with deepening WTI crude oil contango. Some 40 fuel tankers are currently booked to ship oil products from Europe to the US to compensate for lost oil product production there.
The Brent crude oil forward curve is however still trading in backwardation at the front end of the curve. Thus the deepening contango in WTI is purly a local, logistical effect impacting WTI while it is not impacting the global, seaborn based Brent crude marker as much. The halt in the flow of light sweet crude through Cushing, down to Houston and out into the global crude market is now reducing the supply of this key crude quality which is similar to Brent crude. Thus the value of light sweet crude in the global market should increase.
The decline of 350 kb/d of light sweet crude in Libya at the moment is also helping to tighten up the availability of this high crude oil in the global market place. Expert projections are that the decline in Libya’s production is only likely to last some 2-3 weeks. Thus some tightening, but not a major issue as of yet.
Since the refineries now closed in the GOM are good at processing medium to havey sour crude it also has an impact on these crude grades. A portion of these heavier crude grades are now suddenly not processed. There is more of it available in the market and the price should sink. Thus we could see a widening spread in the pricing of heavy sour crude versus light sweet crude but we have not seen much of that yet. The Brent crude oil price curve has fallen back over the past week and so has the front end backwardation in the curve but it is still in backwardation.
While product cracks have skyrocketed for the October contracts there is little to be seen in contracts one year down the road. How short lived the effect will be depends on how serious the damages are on pipelines, ports and refineries. A picture which probably will be clearer during the coming week.
Ch1: Gasoline cracks going high in Europe but even higher in the US since WTI crude falls back more
Brent over WTI spread has been widening all since the start of the year reflecting increasing US light sweet production
Ch2: Gasoil higher, WTI crude oil lower while Brent curve still in slight backwardation
While there is little impact on cracks a full one year down the road the imact is clearly felt 3, 4 and 5 mths down the road
Kind regards
Bjarne Schieldrop
Chief analyst, Commodities
SEB Markets
Merchant Banking
Analys
Waiting for the surplus while we worry about Israel and Qatar

Brent crude makes some gains as Israel’s attack on Hamas in Qatar rattles markets. Brent crude spiked to a high of USD 67.38/b yesterday as Israel made a strike on Hamas in Qatar. But it wasn’t able to hold on to that level and only closed up 0.6% in the end at USD 66.39/b. This morning it is starting on the up with a gain of 0.9% at USD 67/b. Still rattled by Israel’s attack on Hamas in Qatar yesterday. Brent is getting some help on the margin this morning with Asian equities higher and copper gaining half a percent. But the dark cloud of surplus ahead is nonetheless hanging over the market with Brent trading two dollar lower than last Tuesday.

Geopolitical risk premiums in oil rarely lasts long unless actual supply disruption kicks in. While Israel’s attack on Hamas in Qatar is shocking, the geopolitical risk lifting crude oil yesterday and this morning is unlikely to last very long as such geopolitical risk premiums usually do not last long unless real disruption kicks in.
US API data yesterday indicated a US crude and product stock build last week of 3.1 mb. The US API last evening released partial US oil inventory data indicating that US crude stocks rose 1.3 mb and middle distillates rose 1.5 mb while gasoline rose 0.3 mb. In total a bit more than 3 mb increase. US crude and product stocks usually rise around 1 mb per week this time of year. So US commercial crude and product stock rose 2 mb over the past week adjusted for the seasonal norm. Official and complete data are due today at 16:30.
A 2 mb/week seasonally adj. US stock build implies a 1 – 1.4 mb/d global surplus if it is persistent. Assume that if the global oil market is running a surplus then some 20% to 30% of that surplus ends up in US commercial inventories. A 2 mb seasonally adjusted inventory build equals 286 kb/d. Divide by 0.2 to 0.3 and we get an implied global surplus of 950 kb/d to 1430 kb/d. A 2 mb/week seasonally adjusted build in US oil inventories is close to noise unless it is a persistent pattern every week.
US IEA STEO oil report: Robust surplus ahead and Brent averaging USD 51/b in 2026. The US EIA yesterday released its monthly STEO oil report. It projected a large and persistent surplus ahead. It estimates a global surplus of 2.2 m/d from September to December this year. A 2.4 mb/d surplus in Q1-26 and an average surplus for 2026 of 1.6 mb/d resulting in an average Brent crude oil price of USD 51/b next year. And that includes an assumption where OPEC crude oil production only averages 27.8 mb/d in 2026 versus 27.0 mb/d in 2024 and 28.6 mb/d in August.
Brent will feel the bear-pressure once US/OECD stocks starts visible build. In the meanwhile the oil market sits waiting for this projected surplus to materialize in US and OECD inventories. Once they visibly starts to build on a consistent basis, then Brent crude will likely quickly lose altitude. And unless some unforeseen supply disruption kicks in, it is bound to happen.
US IEA STEO September report. In total not much different than it was in January

US IEA STEO September report. US crude oil production contracting in 2026, but NGLs still growing. Close to zero net liquids growth in total.

Analys
Brent crude sticks around $66 as OPEC+ begins the ’slow return’

Brent crude touched a low of USD 65.07 per barrel on Friday evening before rebounding sharply by USD 2 to USD 67.04 by mid-day Monday. The rally came despite confirmation from OPEC+ of a measured production increase starting next month. Prices have since eased slightly, down USD 0.6 to around USD 66.50 this morning, as the market evaluates the group’s policy, evolving demand signals, and rising geopolitical tension.

On Sunday, OPEC+ approved a 137,000 barrels-per-day increase in collective output beginning in October – a cautious first step in unwinding the final tranche of 1.66 million barrels per day in voluntary cuts, originally set to remain off the market through end-2026. Further adjustments will depend on ”evolving market conditions.” While the pace is modest – especially relative to prior monthly hikes – the signal is clear: OPEC+ is methodically re-entering the market with a strategic intent to reclaim lost market share, rather than defend high prices.
This shift in tone comes as Saudi Aramco also trimmed its official selling prices for Asian buyers, further reinforcing the group’s tilt toward a volume-over-price strategy. We see this as a clear message: OPEC+ intends to expand market share through steady production increases, and a lower price point – potentially below USD 65/b – may be necessary to stimulate demand and crowd out higher-cost competitors, particularly U.S. shale, where average break-evens remain around WTI USD 50/b.
Despite the policy shift, oil prices have held firm. Brent is still hovering near USD 66.50/b, supported by low U.S. and OECD inventories, where crude and product stocks remain well below seasonal norms, keeping front-month backwardation intact. Also, the low inventory levels at key pricing hubs in Europe and continued stockpiling by Chinese refiners are also lending resilience to prices. Tightness in refined product markets, especially diesel, has further underpinned this.
Geopolitical developments are also injecting a slight risk premium. Over the weekend, Russia launched its most intense air assault on Kyiv since the war began, damaging central government infrastructure. This escalation comes as the EU weighs fresh sanctions on Russian oil trade and financial institutions. Several European leaders are expected in Washington this week to coordinate on Ukraine strategy – and the prospect of tighter restrictions on Russian crude could re-emerge as a price stabilizer.
In Asia, China’s crude oil imports rose to 49.5 million tons in August, up 0.8% YoY. The rise coincides with increased Chinese interest in Russian Urals, offered at a discount during falling Indian demand. Chinese refiners appear to be capitalizing on this arbitrage while avoiding direct exposure to U.S. trade penalties.
Going forward, our attention turns to the data calendar. The EIA’s STEO is due today (Tuesday), followed by the IEA and OPEC monthly oil market reports on Thursday. With a pending supply surplus projected during the fourth quarter and into 2026, markets will dissect these updates for any changes in demand assumptions and non-OPEC supply growth. Stay tuned!
Analys
The path of retaking market share goes through a lower price

OPEC+ on Sunday decided to lift production caps by an additional 137 kb/d in October. Thereby starting to unwind the last tranche of voluntary cuts of 1.66 mb/d. It will unwind this last tranche gradually until the end of 2026 depending on market conditions it said.

Brent closed on Friday at USD 65.5/b. The market is up at USD 66.7/b this morning. That is below the high on Friday and USD 2.4/b below where it closed on Tuesday last week. So while the decision by the group was less aggressive than the market feared on Friday afternoon, it was still a very different from the group than what most market participants expected at the beginning of last week.
Our expectation last week was for the group to unwind the remaining 1.66 mb/d of voluntary cuts over only three months to the end of this year and get done with it. But the group decided on a slower path. It will not shock its way back to a larger market share like it tried without much luck in 2014/15/16. It will instead push steadily, steadily and take it back. Allowing US shale oil players time to step aside. But step aside they must.
The implied message from the group this weekend was 1) They are in the process of retaking market share and 2) As long as the price is USD 65.5/b (close on Friday) the group will revive more production.
What we know is that this process of retaking market share by OPEC+ goes through a lower oil price. And that lower price is below USD 65.5/b. A lower price to stimulate more demand. A lower price to hamper supply by non-OPEC+ (predominantly US shale oil).
The fact that Brent crude is still trading at USD 66.6/b despite this very explicit message from the group this weekend is down to still low US and OECD crude and product inventories. The front-end backwardation of the Brent futures curve is a reflection of this tightness. But this tightness will ease along with more oil from OPEC+ over the coming months. The Brent crude oil forward curve will then flip into full contango all along the curve. We then expect the front-end of the Brent curve to trade around USD 55/b with WTI close to USD 50/b.
At the beginning of this year BNEF estimated US shale oil cost break even levels to be in a range from USD 40/b to USD 60/b with a volume weighted average of USD 50/b. The latter our calculation. So a WTI price at the middle of that range is probably what is needed to force activity in US shale oil activity yet lower.
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