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OPEC’s strategy caps downside, and the market gets it

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Brent crude prices have risen by USD 2.8 per barrel as of yesterday and this morning, currently trading at USD 71.8 per barrel. This is despite U.S. inventory data showing a notable build in both commercial crude and product inventories, typically a bearish signal for the market (details below).

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB
Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

The recent price recovery is unlikely driven by these inventory figures. Instead, it appears to be a response to OPEC+ signaling its intention to intervene if Brent crude prices fall below USD 75 per barrel (take time for the market to fully react). This was made clear last week when the group adjusted its production plans, delaying increases. Such action offers substantial downside protection, limiting further declines.

Over the past few weeks, Brent crude experienced a sharp sell-off, hitting a low of USD 67.7 per barrel on Tuesday. This decline was largely driven by demand concerns stemming from weak economic data in both China and the U.S.

While macroeconomic data for both nations remains sluggish, U.S. consumer spending has held up. For instance, the U.S. ISM non-manufacturing PMI for August showed the services sector expanding for a second consecutive month, recording 51.5 versus the expected 51.3. Although the U.S. economy is clearly decelerating – contributing to bearish market sentiment – the most recent jobs report saw the unemployment rate fall back to 4.2%. As a result, the anticipated Federal Reserve rate cut next week is expected to be 25 basis points, rather than the widely discussed 50 basis points.

Fundamental concerns persist. A ”soft landing” for the U.S. economy seems increasingly plausible, and China’s oil imports appear to be rising as current price levels attract more buying interest. This is reflected in higher VLCC freight rates from the Middle East to China.

As such, there are supporting factors that may limit further price declines, with the potential for prices to recover from here. For more details, read yesterday’s crude oil comment.

U.S. commercial crude oil inventories (excluding the Strategic Petroleum Reserve) increased by 0.8 million barrels last week, bringing the total to 419.1 million barrels, which is 4% below the five-year average for this time of year. This build occurred despite U.S. refineries processing 16.8 million barrels per day (bpd), a decrease of 141,000 bpd from the prior week. Refineries were operating at 92.8% capacity.

In addition, U.S. crude oil imports averaged 6.9 million bpd, an increase of 1.1 million bpd compared to the previous week. However, over the last four weeks, imports averaged 6.5 million bpd, down 7.3% from the same period last year.

For refined products, motor gasoline inventories increased by 2.3 million barrels, although they remain 1% below the five-year average. Distillate (diesel) fuel inventories also rose by 2.3 million barrels but are still 8% below the five-year average.

Overall, total commercial petroleum inventories increased by 9.0 million barrels last week.

On the demand side, total products supplied over the last four weeks averaged 20.5 million bpd, representing a 2.2% decrease compared to the same period last year. Motor gasoline product supplied averaged 9.0 million bpd, up 0.9% year-over-year, while distillate fuel product supplied averaged 3.7 million bpd, down 0.2%. Jet fuel demand fell by 2.3% compared to the same period last year.

Despite the increase in U.S. inventories, overall levels remain relatively low, which could become a key factor in shifting market sentiment and driving prices higher.

Analys

Rising with softer USD and positive markets but less bullish tailwind from nat gas

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Ticking higher along with softer USD and gains in metals and equities. Brent traded down marginally (-0.2%) yesterday to USD 72.02/b following a 2.4% decline on Wednesday. This morning it is ticking up 0.5% to USD 75.4/b, well aligned with a 0.4% softer USD and solid gains in equities and industrial metals. Technically it is neither overbought nor oversold with RSI at 45. Though it is flirting with the 100dma also being below both the 50dma and the 200dma. So, no obvious strength either. The bullish tailwind from nat gas is fading a bit with TTF nat gas falling sharply to below the price of ICE Gasoil (”diesel”).

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Longer-dated prices supported at USD 68/b. But looks like a process of fading strength. The longer-dated contracts for Brent keep trading down towards the high 60ies around USD 68/b but are rejected repeatedly. The pricing for these contracts looks like a process of fading strength. Just oozing closer to the USD 68/b level with smaller and smaller bounces each time. Very clear consumer buying interest for oil products when Brent crude prices move towards the USD 68-70/b level. This support level may thus to some degree come from the consumer side of the market. If oil consuming industry loses confidence in the economy, we might see the longer dated prices break below USD 68-70/b. But oil producers may also have limited interest in hedging downside risk at around the 68-mark. So, selling from that side of the market is probably also fading at that level. But also, sellers/producers may change if the global economy was to look shakier.

Microscopic changes in IEA forecast. OPEC(+) still needs to cut in 2025 to balance market. The IEA made only microscopic adjustments to its oil market balance yesterday. Adjusting production in OECD Europe and FSU production slightly lower resulting in call-on-OPEC going up by 0.2 mb/d versus the previous report. Call-on-OPEC is still set to decline from 27.1 mb/d in 2024 to 26.7 mb/d in 2025. A y-y decline of 0.4 mb/d implying that the group will have to cut production comparably in 2025. OPEC+ is of course planning to lift production by 120 kb/d/month from April onwards. Nope, says the IEA. It has to reduce supply instead.

Front-month and longer dated Brent crude oil prices in USD/b bouncing off the USD 68-70/b level.

Front-month and longer dated Brent crude oil prices in USD/b bouncing off the USD 68-70/b level.
Source: SEB graph, Bloomberg data

European TTF front-month price trading sharply lower following signals that nat gas inventories in Europe may not need to mandatory fill to 90% by 1 November anyhow.

European TTF front-month price trading sharply lower following signals that nat gas inventories in Europe may not need to mandatory fill to 90% by 1 November anyhow.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data
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Analys

Climbing crude inventories in line with seasonal patterns

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Yesterday’s report from the US DOE revealed an increase of 4.1 million barrels in US crude oil inventories for the previous week. This build exceeded the consensus estimate of 2.5 million barrels whilst less than the API forecast of 9 million barrels reported on Tuesday. As of last week, total US crude inventories stand at 428 million barrels, which represents a decrease of 12 million barrels compared to the same week last year.

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB
Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

In addition, gasoline inventories decreased by 3.0 million barrels, surpassing the consensus estimate of a 0.5-million-barrel drawdown. Conversely, distillate (diesel) inventories saw an increase of 0.135 million barrels, contrary to the expected decline of 1.5 million barrels. In total, commercial inventories (excluding the SPR) – which include crude oil, gasoline, and diesel – rose by 1.2 million barrels.

Refinery utilization improved by 0.5 percentage points, reaching 85% last week. Meanwhile, total products supplied (a proxy for implied demand) over the past four-week period averaged 20.3 million barrels per day, reflecting a 2.8% increase compared to the same period last year.

Additionally, gasoline demand averaged 8.3 million barrels per day over the past four weeks, up by 0.9% from the same period in 2024. Diesel demand averaged 4.2 million barrels per day, showing a significant increase of 13.6% year-on-year. Jet fuel demand also saw an increase of 4.4% compared to the same four-week period in 2024.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) will be releasing its monthly report today at 10:00 CET.

Oil inventories
Oil inventories
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Analys

Crude oil comment: Tariffs spark small reactions, but price gains hold steady

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Brent crude prices bottomed out at USD 74.10 per barrel on Thursday evening (February 6th) after a continuous decline since mid-January. Since then, prices have climbed uninterruptedly by USD 2.5 per barrel, reaching the current level of USD 76.50 per barrel.

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB
Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

Since the beginning of 2025, price movements have been more volatile compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. Additionally, the market has broken the firm range-bound levels of USD 70–75 per barrel that prevailed from mid-October 2024 to January 2025.

Brent crude rose by nearly USD 1.50 per barrel yesterday (February 10th), driven by a tighter supply outlook. This has been credited to stricter sanctions resulting in Russia producing below its quota. Meanwhile, the US President recently ordered a 25% tariff on all aluminum and steel imports, including from Canada and Mexico, the country’s top two foreign suppliers. The tariffs are set to take effect on March 12, according to the White House.

At present, Brent crude appears to be holding onto its price gains, with little reaction so far to the latest tariff news, as markets await key US CPI data scheduled for tomorrow (February 12th).

As we highlighted last week (link), there has recently been a significant build-up in US crude inventories, with Canadian crude flows increasing rapidly to meet the tariff deadline, which was originally set for March. However, US industry-based inventory data (API) is due to be released later today, and we expect a slowdown, as Canada negotiated a 30-day delay in the imposition of US tariffs. A 10% import tariff on Canadian oil had been proposed.

On top of that, there is an increasing risk to the Gaza ceasefire deal, as both parties have accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement. The US President has stated that Israel should call off its ceasefire agreement with Hamas if hostages are not returned by this weekend, further contributing to heightened geopolitical tensions, as well as the US’ tougher stance on Iran.

Stay tuned. This week, monthly oil market reports from the EIA (this evening), IEA (Thursday, February 13th), and OPEC (tomorrow, February 12th) will be released.

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