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Analys

Crude oil – It’s a (hybrid) market share war

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SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Rebound after a very bearish day as US inventories declines further. Last week Brent crude broke down below USD 75/b. And it didn’t take long before the heralded production increase was shifted out two months to instead start in December. This however, was far from enough to halt the oil price sell-off where Brent crude traded down to USD 68.68/b (-4.4%) before closing the day at USD 69.19/b (-3.7%). The market was gripped with bearish demand fears and there were hardly any bullish voices to be heard. This morning Brent is rebounding 1.5% to USD 70.25/b. US inventories likely continued to decline last week by around 3 mb according to indics by API in an extension of steady declines since mid-June. Russia and other OPEC+ members complied better to quota targets in August.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

A (hybrid) market share war. A fight over market share between OPEC+ and non-OPEC+ is indeed a key element of the latest turmoil in the oil market. And not the least unclarity over how exactly the group is going to execute its long heralded production increase. But the group partially showed its cards last week when it modified its plan to hike production almost immediately after Brent crude fell below USD 75/b last week.

This is very different from 2014/15. OPEC+ is clearly set to return volumes to the market. But this looks very different from 2014/15 when OPEC simply flooded the market with oil and crashed the price. This time around the group is behaving more like a central bank. In June they laid out and communicated to the market their plan to return 2.2 m b/d of voluntary cuts to the market. Gradually lifting production from Q4-2024 to Q3-2025. They communicated this long time in advance of when the actual production increase is supposed to take place. At first it shocked the market and Saudi Arabia was forced to soften the message with ifs and buts. Saying that the plan will be adaptable to market circumstances once we actually get to Q4-2024. Though without being too specific about it. And now we are very, very close to Q4. The market is hit by China weakness as well as a bit of unclarity over the ”new” strategy of OPEC+. The oil price tanks.

They will lift production by 2.2 mb/d but it will take longer time. We do believe that OPEC+ will indeed lift production by 2.2 m b/d as stated but that they will spend more time doing it and also that they will have to accept a somewhat lower price to get it done. If nothing else they need to lift production back towards more normal levels in order to be in a position to cut again when the next crisis occur. Just like central banks needs to lift interest rates in order to be positioned to cut the yet again.

Not all bearish. Here are some bullish elements. Amid all the bearish concerns which is gripping the market currently here is a list of supportive elements.

1) OPEC+ modified its production increase plan the moment Brent fell below USD 75/b. More modifications to come if needed in our view.

2) Better compliance by OPEC+ members in August with Russia now very close to production quota-target.

3) US oil inventories have fallen steadily and counter seasonally since mid-June and likely fell another 3 mb last week (crude and products) according to indic. by API. Global floating crude oil stocks have declined by close to 50 mb since a peak in mid-June.

4) VLCC freight rates from the Middle East to China are ticking higher. Probably a sign of increased appetite for oil imports.

5) US EIA yesterday reduced its US crude oil production forecast marginally lower along with a slightly lower price forecast.

Deep rooted market concerns at the moment are about fear for coming surplus with predictions that the market will flip to surplus some time in November and December. Thus no surplus as of yet. Though Chinese weakness is apparent to be seen.

An oil price of USD 75/b in 2025 will likely give OPEC+ what it wants. A somewhat lower oil price (SEB 2024 Brent average forecast is USD 75/b) will be very positive for the global economy, lower inflation, lower interest rates, higher oil demand growth down the road and also further dampening of US shale oil production growth. A WTI crude oil price of around USD 70/b will likely also stimulated the US government to buy more oil to refill its Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) which were heavily depleted in 2022/23. All good things for OPEC+ and its ability to place 2.2 mb/d of oil back into the market.

Analys

Oversold. Rising 1-3mth time-spreads. Possibly rebounding to USD 73.5/b before downside ensues

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Brent was shaken ydy by the sharp selloff on Wednesday but ticking above the 70-line today. Brent crude inched up 0.2% to USD 69.46/b yesterday following the sharp selloff on Wednesday. The market was clearly still shaken by the sharp selloff on Wednesday when it then traded all the way down to USD 68.33/b and the lowest since Dec 2021. Market ydy didn’t quite dare to make any bets on the upside and basically stayed put. Brent is rising 0.8% this morning to USD 70/b staging a bit more confidence that the recent selloff was a little too much and a little too soon as surplus is not here quite yet. Stronger 1-3mths time-spreads today is also indicating the same. The Brent 1mth price is currently trading very soft versus the 1-3mth time-spreads. So, more rebound is definitely possible given both time-spreads and technically oversold market.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

The current average 1-3mth time-spread of Brent, WTI and Dubai is rising to USD 1.06/b this morning. Looking at the relationship between the Brent 1M and these time-spreads so far this year we could possibly see the Brent 1M price rebound to USD 73.5/b given the level of the current time-spread and the fact that Brent is currently technically oversold.

Consolidation around the 70-line for a period, but message from OPEC+ is clear: lower oil price. The message from OPEC+ when they now have decided to lift production in April and into a period of surplus, is explicitly clear: lower oil prices. But the group is still acting in a highly controlled way. This is not a flash-crash but an adjustment. This is probably starting to dawn on the market today as it trades up above the 70-line again today following technically oversold territory. But back down below the 70-line again in the coming weeks and months seems the natural conclusion to draw following what OPEC+ now has decided to do. But given the current oversold state of Brent crude it seems likely that we’ll see some more consolidation around the 70-line before renewed bearish action ensues. Trump Tariff Turmoil of course adds a lot of bearish concerns for the US economy which naturally flavors over to crude oil as well.

Brent crude still very much in oversold territory. So, more consolidation around the 70-line seems likely before more bearish action continuous.

Brent crude still very much in oversold territory. So, more consolidation around the 70-line seems likely before more bearish action continuous.
Source: Bloomberg graph and calculations

The 1-3 months time-spreads are rebounding a little today. Again, highlighting the fact that surplus is not here quite yet.

The 1-3 months time-spreads are rebounding a little today. Again, highlighting the fact that surplus is not here quite yet.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data

Brent 1M flat price is trading very soft vs. the 1-3mth time-spreads.

Brent 1M flat price is trading very soft vs. the 1-3mth time-spreads.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data

The average Brent 1M price so far this year when the 1-3mth time-spread has been in the current range is USD 73.6/b. Brent M1 rising to that level would be kind of neutral territory given the level of the time-spreds.

The average Brent 1M price so far this year when the 1-3mth time-spread has been in the current range is USD 73.6/b. Brent M1 rising to that level would be kind of neutral territory given the level of the time-spreds.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data
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Analys

A deliberate measure to push oil price lower but it is not the opening of the floodgates

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Hurt by US tariffs and more oil from OPEC+. Brent crude fell 2.1% yesterday to USD 71.62/b and is down an additional 0.9% this morning to USD 71/b. New tariff-announcements by Donald Trump and a decision by OPEC+ to lift production by 138 kb/d in April is driving the oil price lower.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

The decision by OPEC+ to lift production is a deliberate decision to get a lower oil price. All the members in OPEC+ wants to produce more as a general rule. Their plan and hope for a long time has been that they could gradually revive production back to a more normal level without pushing the oil price lower. As such they have postponed the planned production increases time and time again. Opting for price over volume. Waiting for the opportunity to lift production without pushing the price lower. And now it has suddenly changed. They start to lift production by 138 kb/d in April even if they know that the oil market this year then will run a surplus. Donald Trump is the reason.

Putin, Muhammed bin Salman (MBS) and Trump all met in Riyadh recently to discuss the war in Ukraine. They naturally discussed politics and energy and what is most important for each and one of them. Putin wants a favorable deal in Ukraine, MBS may want harsher measures towards Iran while Trump amongst other things want a lower oil price. The latter is to appease US consumers to which he has promised a lower oil price. A lower oil price over the coming two years could be good for Trump and the Republicans in the mid-term elections if a lower oil price makes US consumers happy. And a powerful Trump for a full four years is also good for Putin and MBS.

This is not the opening of the floodgates. It is not the start of blindly lifting production each month. It is still highly measured and controlled. It is about lowering the oil price to a level that is acceptable for Putin, MBS, Trump, US oil companies and the US consumers. Such an imagined ”target price” or common denominator is clearly not USD 50-55/b. US production would in that case fall markedly and the finances of Saudi Arabia and Russia would hurt too badly. The price is probably somewhere in the USD 60ies/b.

Brent crude averaged USD 99.5/b, USD 82/b and USD 80/b in 2022, 2023 and 2024 respectively. An oil price of USD 65/b is markedly lower in the sense that it probably would be positively felt by US consumers. The five-year Brent crude oil contract is USD 67/b. In a laxed oil market with little strain and a gradual rise in oil inventories we would see a lowering of the front-end of the Brent crude curve so that the front-end comes down to the level of the longer dated prices. The longer-dated prices usually soften a little bit as well when this happens. The five-year Brent contract could easily slide a couple of dollars down to USD 65/b versus USD 67/b.

Brent crude 1 month contract in USD/b. USD 68.68/b is the level to watch out for. It was the lowpoint in September last year. Breaking below that will bring us to lowest level since December 2021.

Brent crude 1 month contract in USD/b.
Source: Bloomberg
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Analys

Brent whacked down yet again by negative Trump-fallout

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Sharply lower yesterday with negative US consumer confidence. Brent crude fell like a rock to USD 73.02/b (-2.4%) yesterday following the publishing of US consumer confidence which fell to 98.3 in February from 105.3 in January (100 is neutral). Intraday Brent fell as low as USD 72.7/b. The closing yesterday was the lowest since late December and at a level where Brent frequently crossed over from September to the end of last year. Brent has now lost both the late December, early January Trump-optimism gains as well as the Biden-spike in mid-Jan and is back in the range from this Autumn. This morning it is staging a small rebound to USD 73.2/b but with little conviction it seems. The US sentiment readings since Friday last week is damaging evidence of the negative fallout Trump is creating.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Evidence growing that Trump-turmoil are having negative effects on the US economy. The US consumer confidence index has been in a seesaw pattern since mid-2022 and the reading yesterday was reached twice in 2024 and close to it also in 2023. But the reading yesterday needs to be seen in the context of Donald Trump being inaugurated as president again on 20 January. The reading must thus be interpreted as direct response by US consumers to what Trump has been doing since he became president and all the uncertainty it has created. The negative reading yesterday also falls into line with the negative readings on Friday, amplifying the message that Trump action will indeed have a negative fallout. At least the first-round effects of it. The market is staging a small rebound this morning to USD 73.3/b. But the genie is out of the bottle: Trump actions is having a negative effect on US consumers and businesses and thus the US economy. Likely effects will be reduced spending by consumers and reduced capex spending by businesses.

Brent crude falling lowest since late December and a level it frequently crossed during autumn.

Brent crude falling lowest since late December and a level it frequently crossed during autumn.
Source: Bloomberg

White: US Conference Board Consumer Confidence (published yesterday). Blue: US Services PMI Business activity (published last Friday). Red: US University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment (published last Friday). All three falling sharply in February. Indexed 100 on Feb-2022.

White: US Conference Board Consumer Confidence (published yesterday). Blue: US Services PMI Business activity (published last Friday). Red: US University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment (published last Friday). All three falling sharply in February. Indexed 100 on Feb-2022.
Source: Bloomberg
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