Analys
SEB Jordbruksprodukter, 11 februari 2013

WASDE-rapporten innehöll endast små förändringar och de förändringar som USDA gjorde var i linje med vad vi och marknaden väntat oss att de skulle göra. För vete- och majsmarknaden hände ingenting. Däremot föll priset på sojabönor ganska mycket, mer än vad som motiverades av siffrorna från USDA.
Däremot visade siffrorna att det inte var så illa som några befarat. I förhållande till de senaste årens relation mellan pris och väntat utgående lager ligger priserna på vete, majs och sojabönor i linje med vad som varit ”rätt” pris.
Vad gäller gammal skörd av vete förbereder sig såväl Egypten som Ryssland att försöka komma över så stor del av kakan av det lilla lager som finns i världen som möjligt. Mer om det nedan.
Vete
I onsdags beslöt Ryssland att ta bort importtullen om 5% på spannmål, som vi förutspådde i förra veckans veckobrev. Pådrivande kan ha varit att GASC i helgen för en vecka sedan köpte ytterligare vete, efter att just ha genomfört sin normala tender för månaden tidigare i veckan. Förra veckan skrev vi att Ryssland torde ha slut på vete mot slutet av april. Samtidigt behöver Egypten, och säkert flera andra, också köpa vete senare i vår – till rimliga priser. Det har därför varit en balansgång mellan att gå ut och köpa aggressivt till dagens höga priser å ena sidan – och att avvakta och kanske kunna få tag på vete billigare längre fram under våren. Terminskurvan indikerar lägre priser i vår – åtminstone på europeiskt vete. Eftersom lagerstatistiken och matbehovet ser ut som det gör, gissar vi på att pulsen hos marknadsaktörerna kommer att stiga ännu mer under våren.
För den som sitter på vete av gammal skörd att sälja finns all anledning att följa med. Terminspriserna visar att priset kommer att falla ordentligt när den nya skörden kommer in och avhjälper bristen. Frågan är om det går att få mer betalt för gammal skörd än dagens pris. Vi tror möjligen det. Nedan ser vi kursdiagrammet på Matif för leverans i maj:
Priset på november (2013) kontraktet har den senaste tiden fallit betydligt mer än maj-kontraktet, som vi ser i diagrammet nedan. WASDE-rapporten som kom i fredags kväll, var något av en ickehändelse. WASDE-rapporten har mer bäring på novemberkontraktet än på maj-kontraktet. De något mer bullish / oroväckande nyheterna från Ryssland och Egypten påverkar inte novemberkontraktet lika mycket som majkontraktet.
Nedan ser vi decemberkontraktet på CBOT. 800 cent bröts. 779 fungerar som ett tekniskt stöd och där ligger priset nu. Bryts det är 750 cent nästa anhalt på nedsidan.
Så nu till WASDE-rapporten. USDA:s estimat (gissningar) om produktionen för 11/12 och 12/13 ser vi nedan. Man gjorde en liten sänkning endast på fd Sovjets produktion. Brasiliens (Other) sänktes också.
Konsumtionen sänktes något för USA. Nedan ser vi estimatet för utgående lager. Det är obetydliga förändringar och rapporten innehöll inget kursdrivande alls.
Nedan ser vi relationen mellan pris och utgående lager sedan 60-talets början. Varje punkt är ett år, per den 8 februaris pris och estimerat utgående lager varje år. Vi ser att ett lager som räcker i drygt 70 dagar och ett pris på strax under 800 cent ÄR i linje med den relation som varit rådande de senaste åren. Ju mindre lager desto högre pris. Priset ser ut att ligga rätt.
Vi fortsätter vår neutrala vy på vetet.
Maltkorn
November 2013-kontraktet sjönk för tredje veckan i rad, från 247 euro per ton till 246.50.
Maltkornsmarknaden är tämligen illikvid och omsättningen har inte tagit fart, som Euronext säkert hoppats när kontraktet introducerades för några år sedan. Nedan ser vi prisutvecklingen på novemberkontraktet på maltkorn och dit för kvarnvete. Vi ser att de följer vandra åt tämligen väl. Om man skulle använda Matifs kvarnvetekontrakt för att prissäkra maltkorn blir inte följsamheten fullt så dålig som man skulle kunna tro.
Majs
Majspriset (december 2013) föll kraftigt i veckan som gick efter att ha brutit det stöd du kunde läsa om förra veckan. Priset har nu fallit ner till ett prisområde där det finns tre ganska starka tekniska stöd. Det mest sannolika härifrån är att marknaden konsoliderar sig med sidledes rörelse, eventuellt ner mot 550 cent.
Veckovis etanolproduktion i USA ökade till 704,000 fat per dag från förra veckans rekordlåga 700,000 fat.
Så till fredagens WASDE-rapport. Argentina justerades ner och Brasilien upp. Det var väntat efter det väder som varit. Ukraina och Mexiko justerades också upp något. Brasilianska CONAB förutspår dock en skörd om 76 mt och där ligger USDA efter med 72.5 mt. USDA ligger i och för sig också efter vad man kan tro om ännu lägre skörd i Argentina. På global basis, som vi ser nedan, en något högre väntad skörd i år.
Utgående lager höjdes tillräckligt i rapporten för att ge säljarna ytterligare vind i seglen. Men det är kommer fortfarande att bli ont om majs i sommar, innan den nya skörden kommer in.
Nedan ser vi relationen mellan lager och pris. Liksom för vetet visar diagrammet förhållandet mellan lager och pris varje år i februari.
Även fast lagren är så små att det inte finns så många punkter med lägre lager att förlita sig på, förefaller inte priset nu avvika allt för mycket från de senaste årens relation mellan lager och pris. Vi fortsätter att ha en neutral vy på majs.
Sojabönor
Sojabönorna (november 2013) föll kraftigt efter WASDE-rapporten i fredags. Nästan ända ner till de tekniska stöden vid 1260 cent per bushel. Nedanför ser vi kurdiagrammet för sojabönor (november 2013).
WASDE-rapportens produktionsestimat handlade helt om Sydamerika. Argentinas väntade skörd justerades ner 1 mt och Brasiliens upp lika mycket. Resten lämnades oförändrat.
Nedan ser vi USDA:s estimat på utgående lager. Det är inte någon kioskvältare på papperet. En höjning med lite drygt 0.5 mt. Lagren i USA sänktes till 3.40 från 3.67 mt. Utgående lager i Brasilien höjdes.
Nedan ser vi relationen mellan pris och lager. I förhållande till de senaste årens relation, ser låg priset innan rapporten något högt. Efter fredagens prisfall ligger priset mer eller mindre mitt i linje med den historiska relationen.
Vi fortsätter därför att ha en neutral rekommendation på sojabönorna.
Raps
Rapspriset (november 2013) har utvecklat sig starkare än sojabönorna. Ett försök att handla rapsen högre i veckan hindrades dock av WASDE-rapporten och det betydande prisfallet efter den i sojabönsmarknaden.
Vi ligger kvar med vår negativa vy för rapspriset.
Gris
Grispriset (Maj 13) föll förra veckan ner till 93.50. Läsare av veckobrevet har tidigare kunnat läsa att rekylen uppåt efter brottet av den tekniska stödnivån skulle tolkas som ett tillfälle att sälja. Det visade sig vara rätt. Nu ligger priset på stödet och därifrån får marknaden visa vägen. Ännu ett brott nedåt innebär att prisfallet kan fortsätta.
Mjölk
Fonterras auktion i onsdags visade på en prisuppgång på SMP. På Eurex fortsatte dock kräftgången i SMP. Prisutvecklingen på smör fortsatte att falla tillbaka efter toppen i december. I diagrammet nedan ser vi nu fyra kurvor. Den övre tunna linjen är EUREX SMP. Den nedre tunna linjen är Eurex SMP. Den rosa linjen visar priset på helmjölkspulver (WMP) FOB Västeuropa. Källan är USDA och priserna uppdateras varannan vecka. Den röda linjen är Fonterras auktion.
Beprövad erfarenhet säger att vi ska vänta oss ett nytt kraftigt prisfall inom kort.
EURSEK
EURSEK fortsatte att röra sig sidledes i veckan som gick. Utsikterna för den kommande veckan är att detta kommer att fortsätta.
USDSEK
Dollarn rekylerade uppåt mot slutet av veckan. Detta ser ut knappast ut som ett trendbrott, utan som en rekyl i en fallande trend. Därmed är det ett säljtillfälle.
[box]SEB Veckobrev Jordbruksprodukter är producerat av SEB Merchant Banking och publiceras i samarbete och med tillstånd på Råvarumarknaden.se[/box]
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Analys
How renewable fuels are accelerating the decarbonisation of transport

On 16 November 2022, UK’s Royal Air Force (RAF) Voyager aircraft, the military variant of the Airbus A330, took to the skies for 90 minutes over Oxfordshire. What looked like a routine test flight in its outward appearance was ultimately deemed ground-breaking. Why? It was a world-first military transporter aircraft flight, and the first of any aircraft type in the UK to be completed using 100% sustainable jet fuel.

What are renewable fuels?
Renewable hydrocarbon biofuels (also called green or drop-in biofuels) are fuels produced from biomass sources through a variety of biological, thermal, and chemical processes. These products are chemically identical to petroleum gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel.
In other words, renewable fuels are sources of energy chemically identical to fossil fuels but produced from domestic, commercial, or agricultural waste (see Figure 1 below).
Figure 1: Converting waste into energy

Why the excitement?
Renewable fuels, like renewable diesel and sustainable jet fuel, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 80-90% compared to fossil fuels. And because they burn much cleaner, engine filters remain cleaner for longer reducing the need for maintenance. Furthermore, given used cooking oil, vegetable oil, processing waste, and animal fat waste are used as inputs, the production of these fuels reduces biowaste, thereby cutting emissions from landfills.
This makes renewable fuels a key component of the circular economy. Humans have largely operated on the linear model historically when it comes to utilising natural resources. The circular model, in contrast, is much less wasteful and seeks to recycle as much as possible (see Figure 2 below).
Figure 2: The Circular Economy

The most exciting thing about renewable fuels is the immediacy with which they can make an impact. The reason why they are referred to as drop-in fuels is that they can replace fossil fuels in internal combustion engines with little or no modification required. So, if supply was abundant enough, forms of transport which cannot be electrified easily like heavy duty trucks, ships, and aeroplanes can be switched across to renewable fuels making a significant improvement to the environmental footprint. According to BP, “A return flight between London and San Francisco has a carbon footprint per economy ticket of nearly 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent. With the aviation industry expected to double to over 8 billion passengers by 2050, it is essential that we act to reduce aviation’s carbon emissions.”
The challenge
Renewable fuels or biofuels are still in their infancy. This means the obvious hurdle to overcome is cost competitiveness with fossil fuels. Cost estimates vary, but figures from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) provide a useful sense for the ballpark. In May 2022, IATA stated that the average worldwide price of jet fuel is about $4.15 per gallon compared to the US average price of a gallon of sustainable aviation fuel, which is about $8.67.
So, roughly double the price of the incumbent polluting technology. This is not a bad starting point at all. Considering how rapidly the cost of energy storage in batteries has fallen in the last decade, renewable fuels could become competitive quite soon if sufficient investment is made and economies of scale are achieved. IATA also predicts that renewable fuels could make up 2% of all aviation fuels by 2025, which could become a tipping point in their competitiveness.
Businesses are acting
Businesses pursuing their own net zero targets have already started exploring renewable fuels to minimise their waste. Darling Ingredients Inc, which produces its trademark Diamond Green Diesel from recycled animal fats, inedible corn oil, and used cooking oil, was chosen by fast food chain Chick-fil-A in March 2022 to turn its used cooking oil into clean transportation fuel.
Similarly, McDonald’s entered into a partnership with Neste Corporation in 2020 to convert its used vegetable oil into renewable diesel and fuel the trucks that make deliveries to its restaurants. According to TortoiseEcofin, both Darling Ingredients and Neste have a net negative carbon footprint given emissions produced by these businesses are lower that the emissions avoided because of their renewable fuels.
A final word
Renewable fuels alone will not tackle climate change. No single solution can. But they can help us make meaningful progress. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasises how crucial it is for the world to halve its greenhouse gas emissions this decade to at least have a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5oC. This means that solutions with an immediate effect have an important role to play. Biofuels can cut emissions from waste in landfills and provide much cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels to help accelerate the world’s decarbonisation efforts. They don’t require different engines to be of use. They just need funding to reach scale.
Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree
Analys
SEB Metals Weekly: China Covid exit is bullish for metals

China Covid exit is bullish for metals
Softer inflation, slight macro-optimism, and China taking a rapid exit from Covid restrictions. Markets have become more optimistic. Inflation indices have eased and that has created some hopes that central banks won’t lift interest to a level that will kill the economy in 2023. Natural gas prices in Europe have fallen sharply. This has suddenly reduced energy-inflationary pressure and removed the direst downside economic risks for the region. But general market optimism is far from super-strong yet. The S&P 500 index has only gained 1.9% since our previous forecast on 1 Nov 2021, and oil prices are down nearly 10% in a reflection of concerns for global growth. China has however removed all Covid-restrictions almost overnight. It is now set to move out of its three years of Covid-19 isolation and lockdowns at record speed. Industrial metals are up 20% and the Hong Kong equity index is up 40% as a result (since 1 Nov-22). China’s sudden and rapid Covid-19 exit is plain and simply bullish for the Chinese economy to the point that mobility indices are already rebounding quickly. SEB’s general view is that inflation impulses will fade quickly. No need then for central banks across the world to kill the global economy with further extreme rate hikes. These developments have removed much of the downside price risks for metals in 2023 and we have to a large degree shifted our 2024 forecast to 2023.
Lower transparency, more geopolitics, more borders, and higher prices and exponential spikes. The first decade of this century was about emerging markets, the BRICs, the commodity price boom, the commodity investment boom, and free markets with free flow of commodities and labor with China and Russia hand in hand with western countries walking towards the future. High capex spending in the first decade led to plentiful supply and low prices for commodities from 2011 to 2020. A world of plenty, friends everywhere, free flow of everything, and no need to worry. The coming decade will likely be very different. Supply growth will struggle due to mediocre capex spending over the past 10 years. Prices will on average be significantly higher. There will be frequent exponential price spikes whenever demand hits supply barriers. Price transparency will be significantly reduced due to borders, taxes, sanctions, geopolitical alignments, and carbon intensities. Prices will be much less homogenous. Aluminium will no longer be just one price and one quality. Who made it, where was it made, where will it be consumed and what the carbon content will create a range of prices. Same for most other metals.
Copper: Struggling supply and China revival propel copper prices higher. Unrest in Peru is creating significant supply risks for copper as the country accounts for 10% of the global supply. Chile accounts for 27% of global production. Production there is disappointing with Codelco, the Chilean state-owned copper mining company, struggling to hit production targets. The Cobre Panama mine in Panama is at risk of being closed over a tax dispute between Quantum and the government. Cobre Panama is one of the biggest new mines globally over the past 10 years. The rapid exit from Covid restrictions in China is bullish for the Chinese economy and thus for copper demand and it has helped to propel prices higher along with the mentioned supply issues. The Chinese property market will continue to struggle, and it normally accounts for 20% of global copper demand while China accounted for 55% of global copper demand in 2021. While China is no longer prioritizing the housing market it is full speed ahead for solar, wind, EVs, and electrification in general. So, weakening Chinese copper demand from housing will likely be replaced by the new prioritized growth sectors. Global supply growth is likely going to be muted in the decade to come while demand growth will be somewhere between a normal 3% pa. to a strong 4% pa. to a very strong 5% pa. Copper prices will be high, and demand will hit the supply barrier repeatedly with exponential spikes as the world is working hard to accelerate the energy transition. Copper prices could easily spike to USD 15-16,000/ton nearest years.
Nickel: Tight high-quality nickel market but a surplus for a low-quality nickel. Nickel production is growing aggressively in Indonesia. The country is projected to account for 60-70% of global supply in 2030. This will become a huge and extremely concentrated geopolitical risk for the world’s consumers of nickel. Indonesia has an abundance of low-grade C2 nickel. The challenge is to convert low-quality C2 nickel to high-quality C1. We are set for a surplus of C2 nickel but the market for C1 nickel will depend strongly on the conversion capacity for C2 to C1. Low price transparency will also help to send prices flying between USD 20,000/ton and USD 30,000/ton. Strong growth in nickel production in Indonesia should initially call for prices down to USD 20,000/ton. But Indonesia is a price setter. It will account for 50% of global supply in 2023. It doesn’t make sense for Indonesia to kill the nickel price. If the nickel price drops, then Indonesia could quickly regulate supply. There should be a premium to nickel due to this. As a result, we expect the nickel price to average USD 24,000/ton in 2023. C2 to C1 conversion capacity may be strained and there should also be a monopoly premium due to the size of Indonesia. Converting C2 to C1 is however extremely carbon intensive and that could be an increasing issue in the years to come.
Zinc: Super-tight global market. European LME inventories are ZERO and zinc smelters there are still closed. European zinc smelters account for 16% of global zinc smelter capacity. Most of this was closed over the past year due to extremely high energy prices. European LME zinc stockpiles are now down to a stunning zero! The global zinc market is extremely tight. Reopening of European zinc smelting seems unlikely in H1-23 with a continued super-tight market as a result both in Europe and globally.
Aluminium: Price likely to be in the range of USD 2400 – 3200/ton and line with coal prices in China. Aluminium prices have historically been tightly tied to the price of coal. But coal prices have been all over the place since the start of 2021 with huge price differences between Amsterdam, Australia, and domestic Chinese coal prices which are now largely state-controlled. China banning imports of Australian coal, the Chinese energy crisis in 2021, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 are ingredients here. This sent aluminium prices flying high and low. Coal prices in China today imply a price of aluminium between USD 2400/ton and 3150/ton with the LME 3mth aluminium price nicely in between at USD 2590/ton. The global coal market should now become more orderly as China now again is accepting Australian coal. Energy costs have fallen sharply in Europe and some producers in the Netherlands have talked about possible restarts of production. China is likely to reduce its exports of primary aluminium. Energy security of supply is high on the agenda in China, and it makes no sense to emit lots of CO2 in China and indirectly export energy in the form of primary aluminium. Growth in non-China aluminium demand in the years to come will have to be covered by non-China producers which have the potential to force prices higher and away from coal as the price driver. While LME has one price for the 3mth aluminium price we’ll likely get larger and larger price differences across the world in the form of possibly extreme price premiums for example in the EU and the US.

Analys
Solid demand growth and strained supply to push Brent above USD 100/b


Brent crude had a strong end of the year as it traded at the highest level since 1 December. It is a slow start to the new year due to bank holidays and Dated Brent trades close to USD 85/b. It averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We expect it to average more than USD 100/b on average for the coming year amid strained supply and rebounding demand. Chinese oil demand is set to recover strongly along with re-openings while non-OECD will continue to move higher. At the moment oil looks absurdly cheap as it is cheaper than natural gas in both EU and Japan and also cheaper than coal in Australia.
Some price strength at the end of the year. The Dated Brent crude oil price index gained 2.3% on Friday with a close at USD 84.97/b. It was the highest close since 1 December. This morning it is trading slightly lower at USD 84.8/b but the market is basically void of action due to bank holidays.

Gloom and doom but IEA, OPEC and US EIA project global crude oil demand to rise between 1 m b/d and 2.2 m b/d YoY in 2023. They also expect call-on-OPEC to rise between 0.3 m b/d and 1.0 m b/d. The US EIA projects demand to increase 1 m b/d in 2023 on the back of a growth of 1.3 m b/d in non-OECD where demand in India rises by 0.2 m b/d and China by 0.6 m b/d. In China this is of course to a large degree due to re-opening after Covid-19 lock-downs. But it is still a good reminder of the low base of oil demand in non-OECD versus OECD. India last year consumed 5 m b/d which only amounts to 1.3 b/capita/year versus a world average of 4.5 b/capita/year and European demand of 10 b/capita/year. Even China is still below the world average as its demand in 2022 stood at 15.2 m b/d or 4.0 b/capita/yr. Non-OECD oil demand thus still has a long way to go in terms of oil demand and that is probably one of the things we’ll be reminded of in 2023 as Covid-19 lock-downs disappear entirely.
Solid demand growth in the face of strained supply. Important to remember is that the world has lost a huge amount of fossil supply from Russia due to the war in Ukraine. First in terms of natural gas where supply to the EU and thus to the world has declined by some 2.5 m boe/d versus pre-war levels. Secondly in terms of crude and products. The latter is of course a constant guessing game in terms of how much Russian crude and product exports has declined. The US EIA however projects that crude oil production in the Former Soviet Union will be down 2 m b/d in 2023 versus pre-Covid levels and down 1.3 m b/d YoY from 2022 to 2023. We are thus talking up to 4.5 m boe/d of lost supply from Russia/FSU. That is a huge loss. It is the reason why coal prices are still trading at USD 200 – 400/ton versus normal USD 85/ton as coal is an alternative to very expensive natural gas.
Overall for 2023 we are looking at a market where we’ll have huge losses in supply of fossil energy supply from Russia while demand for oil is set to rebound solidly (+1.0 – 2.2 m b/d) along with steady demand growth in non-OECD plus a jump in demand from China due to Covid-19 reopening. Need for oil from OPEC is set to rise by up to 1.0 m b/d YoY while the group’s spare capacity is close to exhausted.
We expect Brent crude to average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Despite all the macro economic gloom and doom due to inflation and rising interest rates we cannot help having a positive view for crude oil prices for the year to come due to the above reasons. The Dated Brent crude oil price index averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We think Brent crude will average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Oil is today absurdly cheap at USD 85/b. It is cheaper than both coal in Australia and natural gas both in Japan and the EU. This is something you hardly ever see. The energy market will work hard to consume more what is cheap (oil) and less of what is expensive (nat gas and coal).
Latest forecasts by IEA, OPEC and US EIA for oil demand growth and call-on-OPEC YoY for 2023. Solid demand growth and rising need for oil from OPEC.

Oil demand projections from the main agencies and estimated call-on-OPEC. More demand and higher need for oil from OPEC

EIA STEO projected change in oil demand for different countries and regions YoY to 2023

US EIA Dec STEO forecast for FSU oil production. Solid decline projected for 2023.

US commercial crude and product stocks still below normal

Total US crude and product stocks including SPR. Declining, declining, declining.

US crude and product inventories both excluding and including Strategic Petroleum Reserves

US oil sales from US SPR is now coming to an end. Will make the market feel much tighter as it really is.

Brent crude oil is absurdly cheap as it today trades below both Australian coal and natural gas in both Japan and the EU. Coal and natural gas prices should trade lower while oil should trade higher.

EU diesel prices versus natural gas prices. Could start to move towards a more natural price-balance in terms of substitution.

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Nyheter4 veckor ago
Oljepriset ser ut att vända uppåt i mars-april
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Nyheter1 vecka ago
Oljepriset lägre än intervallet där USA ska köpa tillbaka olja – över hela terminskurvan
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Nyheter5 dagar ago
Den stora oljeoptimisten Goldman Sachs tror inte längre på 100 USD-olja i år
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Nyheter4 veckor ago
Ryssland har stoppat oljeleveranserna till Polen via Druzhba-ledningen
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Nyheter7 dagar ago
Oman tar ett stort steg i att bli en stor producent av vätgas
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Nyheter3 veckor ago
Den sämsta apelsinskörden på 90 år i Florida
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Nyheter1 vecka ago
Företagare kan säkra kassan genom att köpa fysiskt guld
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Nyheter4 veckor ago
USA inför en enorm tull på rysk aluminium