Följ oss

Analys

Demand is main uncertainty but probably not enough to break OPEC+ strategy in 2024

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Good recovery last week. Mostly sideways this morning. Brent crude gained 2.4% last week with a close of USD 83.55/b with most of this gain being a recovery of the 2.5% decline on Friday 23 Feb. This morning Brent is inching up 0.2% to USD 83.7/b with support from news that OPEC+ will keep production curbs in place to end of June this year.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities at SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Two sell-offs so far this year but inching higher cent by cent since mid-Feb. Brent crude sold off to USD 74.79/b in early January and then another sell-off in early February to USD 76.62/b (both intraday lows). Since mid-February however Brent crude has moved gradually higher, inch by inch or cent, by cent more correctly.

A range of factors has supported Brent crude’s gradual move higher. This gradual move higher has been underpinned by residing fear for a US hard landing (and a global recession), a steady course by OPEC+ sticking to ”price over volume” strategy, stronger confidence that US shale oil production will go sideways most of the year with a US total hydrocarbon liquids growth from Q4-23 to Q4-24 of only 0.1 m b/d YoY and not the least total US crude and products inventories incl. SPR ticking lower rather than higher. The latter element here indicates a total, global supply/demand balance in slight deficit which again reflects that cuts by OPEC+ have been sufficient so far.

Three main elements of uncertainties for 2024 are:

1) US shale oil growing more or less than current sideways expectations
2) Global oil demand growing more or less than current expectations
3) Tighter or looser enforcement of US sanctions towards Russia. But Biden won’t enforce the oil price into a spike ahead of the election though. 

1) Is both a bull and a bear risk. It could go both ways. There is also a risk that US shale oil declines in 2024
2) Could also go both ways, though we tilt to the bear risk side on this  as politics around the world increasingly is protectionist and thus growth-negative 
3) This point goes hand in hand with 1). If US shale oil supply grows more than expected then US administration will likely enforce sanctions towards Russia harder. But also the other way around if US shale oil production disappoint and declines. So 1) and 3) should partially be balancing forces rather than risk of double up in either direction

That leaves us with main risk in 2024 being 2), demand. But to really sink the oil price to a crash the demand weakness must be so bad that OPEC+ actually switches strategy to ”volume over price” and allows the oil price to crash. This seems unlikely unless we get a sharp, global economic slowdown/recession.

So back to the boring market outlook: Sideways at USD 85/b for 2024. But markets are normally never boring for very long. So some surprises will come along the way for sure anyhow.

Brent crude 1mth contract inching higher cent by cent since mid-Feb

Brent crude 1mth contract
Source: Blbrg graph

Total US crude and products incl. SPR declining reflecting a global supply/demand balance in slight deficit.

Total US crude and products incl. SPR
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Blbrg data, EIA data

US commercial crude and product stocks below normal and below last year

US commercial crude and product stocks below normal and below last year
Source:  SEB calculations and graph, Blbrg data, EIA data

US commercial crude and product stocks vs. the 2015-19 average. Still very low mid-dist stocks

US commercial crude and product stocks vs. the 2015-19 average.
Source:  SEB calculations and graph, Blbrg data, EIA data

Analys

Brent crude ticks higher on tension, but market structure stays soft

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Brent crude has climbed roughly USD 1.5-2 per barrel since Friday, yet falling USD 0.3 per barrel this mornig and currently trading near USD 67.25/bbl after yesterday’s climb. While the rally reflects short-term geopolitical tension, price action has been choppy, and crude remains locked in a broader range – caught between supply-side pressure and spot resilience.

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB
Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

Prices have been supported by renewed Ukrainian drone strikes targeting Russian infrastructure. Over the weekend, falling debris triggered a fire at the 20mtpa Kirishi refinery, following last week’s attack on the key Primorsk terminal.

Argus estimates that these attacks have halted ish 300 kbl/d of Russian refining capacity in August and September. While the market impact is limited for now, the action signals Kyiv’s growing willingness to disrupt oil flows – supporting a soft geopolitical floor under prices.

The political environment is shifting: the EU is reportedly considering sanctions on Indian and Chinese firms facilitating Russian crude flows, while the U.S. has so far held back – despite Bessent warning that any action from Washington depends on broader European participation. Senator Graham has also publicly criticized NATO members like Slovakia and Hungary for continuing Russian oil imports.

It’s worth noting that China and India remain the two largest buyers of Russian barrels since the invasion of Ukraine. While New Delhi has been hit with 50% secondary tariffs, Beijing has been spared so far.

Still, the broader supply/demand balance leans bearish. Futures markets reflect this: Brent’s prompt spread (gauge of near-term tightness) has narrowed to the current USD 0.42/bl, down from USD 0.96/bl two months ago, pointing to weakening backwardation.

This aligns with expectations for a record surplus in 2026, largely driven by the faster-than-anticipated return of OPEC+ barrels to market. OPEC+ is gathering in Vienna this week to begin revising member production capacity estimates – setting the stage for new output baselines from 2027. The group aims to agree on how to define “maximum sustainable capacity,” with a proposal expected by year-end.

While the IEA pegs OPEC+ capacity at 47.9 million barrels per day, actual output in August was only 42.4 million barrels per day. Disagreements over data and quota fairness (especially from Iraq and Nigeria) have already delayed this process. Angola even quit the group last year after being assigned a lower target than expected. It also remains unclear whether Russia and Iraq can regain earlier output levels due to infrastructure constraints.

Also, macro remains another key driver this week. A 25bp Fed rate cut is widely expected tomorrow (Wednesday), and commodities in general could benefit a potential cut.

Summing up: Brent crude continues to drift sideways, finding near-term support from geopolitics and refining strength. But with surplus building and market structure softening, the upside may remain capped.

Fortsätt läsa

Analys

Volatile but going nowhere. Brent crude circles USD 66 as market weighs surplus vs risk

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Brent crude is essentially flat on the week, but after a volatile ride. Prices started Monday near USD 65.5/bl, climbed steadily to a mid-week high of USD 67.8/bl on Wednesday evening, before falling sharply – losing about USD 2/bl during Thursday’s session.

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB
Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

Brent is currently trading around USD 65.8/bl, right back where it began. The volatility reflects the market’s ongoing struggle to balance growing surplus risks against persistent geopolitical uncertainty and resilient refined product margins. Thursday’s slide snapped a three-day rally and came largely in response to a string of bearish signals, most notably from the IEA’s updated short-term outlook.

The IEA now projects record global oversupply in 2026, reinforcing concerns flagged earlier by the U.S. EIA, which already sees inventories building this quarter. The forecast comes just days after OPEC+ confirmed it will continue returning idle barrels to the market in October – albeit at a slower pace of +137,000 bl/d. While modest, the move underscores a steady push to reclaim market share and adds to supply-side pressure into year-end.

Thursday’s price drop also followed geopolitical incidences: Israeli airstrikes reportedly targeted Hamas leadership in Doha, while Russian drones crossed into Polish airspace – events that initially sent crude higher as traders covered short positions.

Yet, sentiment remains broadly cautious. Strong refining margins and low inventories at key pricing hubs like Europe continue to support the downside. Chinese stockpiling of discounted Russian barrels and tightness in refined product markets – especially diesel – are also lending support.

On the demand side, the IEA revised up its 2025 global demand growth forecast by 60,000 bl/d to 740,000 bl/d YoY, while leaving 2026 unchanged at 698,000 bl/d. Interestingly, the agency also signaled that its next long-term report could show global oil demand rising through 2050.

Meanwhile, OPEC offered a contrasting view in its latest Monthly Oil Market Report, maintaining expectations for a supply deficit both this year and next, even as its members raise output. The group kept its demand growth estimates for 2025 and 2026 unchanged at 1.29 million bl/d and 1.38 million bl/d, respectively.

We continue to watch whether the bearish supply outlook will outweigh geopolitical risk, and if Brent can continue to find support above USD 65/bl – a level increasingly seen as a soft floor for OPEC+ policy.

Fortsätt läsa

Analys

Waiting for the surplus while we worry about Israel and Qatar

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Brent crude makes some gains as Israel’s attack on Hamas in Qatar rattles markets. Brent crude spiked to a high of USD 67.38/b yesterday as Israel made a strike on Hamas in Qatar. But it  wasn’t able to hold on to that level and only closed up 0.6% in the end at USD 66.39/b. This morning it is starting on the up with a gain of 0.9% at USD 67/b. Still rattled by Israel’s attack on Hamas in Qatar yesterday. Brent is getting some help on the margin this morning with Asian equities higher and copper gaining half a percent. But the dark cloud of surplus ahead is nonetheless hanging over the market with Brent trading two dollar lower than last Tuesday.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Geopolitical risk premiums in oil rarely lasts long unless actual supply disruption kicks in. While Israel’s attack on Hamas in Qatar is shocking, the geopolitical risk lifting crude oil yesterday and this morning is unlikely to last very long as such geopolitical risk premiums usually do not last long unless real disruption kicks in.

US API data yesterday indicated a US crude and product stock build last week of 3.1 mb. The US API last evening released partial US oil inventory data indicating that US crude stocks rose 1.3 mb and middle distillates rose 1.5 mb while gasoline rose 0.3 mb. In total a bit more than 3 mb increase. US crude and product stocks usually rise around 1 mb per week this time of year. So US commercial crude and product stock rose 2 mb over the past week adjusted for the seasonal norm. Official and complete data are due today at 16:30.

A 2 mb/week seasonally adj. US stock build implies a 1 – 1.4 mb/d global surplus if it is persistent. Assume that if the global oil market is running a surplus then some 20% to 30% of that surplus ends up in US commercial inventories. A 2 mb seasonally adjusted inventory build equals 286 kb/d. Divide by 0.2 to 0.3 and we get an implied global surplus of 950 kb/d to 1430 kb/d. A 2 mb/week seasonally adjusted build in US oil inventories is close to noise unless it is a persistent pattern every week.

US IEA STEO oil report: Robust surplus ahead and Brent averaging USD 51/b in 2026. The US EIA yesterday released its monthly STEO oil report. It projected a large and persistent surplus ahead. It estimates a global surplus of 2.2 m/d from September to December this year. A 2.4 mb/d surplus in Q1-26 and an average surplus for 2026 of 1.6 mb/d resulting in an average Brent crude oil price of USD 51/b next year. And that includes an assumption where OPEC crude oil production only averages 27.8 mb/d in 2026 versus 27.0 mb/d in 2024 and 28.6 mb/d in August.

Brent will feel the bear-pressure once US/OECD stocks starts visible build. In the meanwhile the oil market sits waiting for this projected surplus to materialize in US and OECD inventories. Once they visibly starts to build on a consistent basis, then Brent crude will likely quickly lose altitude. And unless some unforeseen supply disruption kicks in, it is bound to happen.

US IEA STEO September report. In total not much different than it was in January

US IEA STEO September report. In total not much different than it was in January
Source: SEB graph. US IEA data

US IEA STEO September report. US crude oil production contracting in 2026, but NGLs still growing. Close to zero net liquids growth in total.

US IEA STEO September report. US crude oil production contracting in 2026, but NGLs still growing. Close to zero net liquids growth in total.
Source: SEB graph. US IEA data
Fortsätt läsa

Guldcentralen

Aktier

Annons

Gratis uppdateringar om råvarumarknaden

*

Populära