Följ oss

Analys

Market on Edge Awaiting Israel’s Next Move Against Iran

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Brent crude jumped as much as 5.5% yesterday before it closed at USD 77.62/b (+5%). That is up USD 9/b since the recent low-point of USD 68.68/b on 10 Sep which was the lowest Brent price since December 2021. The jump yesterday was fueled by Biden saying that attacks on Iranian oil infrastructure was under discussion as a response to the 200 ballistic missiles Iran fired at Israel on Tuesday. Brent price this morning is mostly unchanged.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

While we have seen a strong rebound in the oil price lately, the current price of USD 77.6/b is still below its close in August of USD 78.8/b and also well below the USD 80-85/b where Brent has comfortably been trading for more than 18 months. One should think that the latest escalation in the Middle East would have forced some short-covering of more than 250 mb of short oil positions in Brent and WTI. But so far at least not enough to spur Brent crude back to USD 80/b.

It is now almost one year since the Oct 7 attack on Israel. And so far the market has not lost a single drop of oil. The most severe impact on the oil market so far is the rerouting of oil around Africa due to Houthis firing rockets at ships in the Red Sea. 

While Mid-East tensions are running high, the oil market is still deeply concerned about weak demand and a surplus oil in 2025. OPEC+ this week again confirmed that they will lift production by 180 kb/d in December. The plan is for a monthly increase by this amount for 12 months to November 2025. But even if they do lift production in December, it doesn’t necessarily mean that they will lift also in January. That remains to be decided. Saudi Arabia is clearly frustrated by the fact that Iraq, Kazakhstan and Russia haven’t complied fully with agreed quotas. And if your teammates do not play by the agreed rules, then how can you keep on playing. But they still have October and November to show that they are good palls.

Libya is also set to revive production in the coming days. Its production tumbled to less than 450 kb/d in August and averaged 600 kb/d in September. It will likely return back to around 1.2 mb/d rather quickly as internal political disagreements have been ironed out for now.

Ahead of us however is still the retaliatory attack by Iran on Israel. All options are probably weighted and Israel naturally have a long list of possible targets already made out. Which to choose? Oil installations? Other economic targets? Military installations? Nuclear facilities?,.. It is a fine balance. A forceful retaliation, but not so strong that it leads to an uncontrollable tit-for-tat escalation. Israel may utilize the situation to hit Iranian nuclear installations now that Hezbollah is partially sidelined.

Our expectations are that the Israeli retaliation will come rather quickly and probably before Oct 7. It probably won’t hit oil installations. Most likely it will hit military installations. Possibly Iran’s nuclear facilities. But if the later are hit then we are in for a real tit-for-tat escalation. 

If all of Iran’s oil export capacity was to be taken out, then the world would lose around 1.7 mb/d of Iranian crude oil exports plus some 0.5 mb/d of condensate exports. OPEC+ now holds a spare capacity of 5-6 mb/d with Saudi Arabia alone able to lift production by 2-3 mb/d. UAE, Iraq and Kuwait can probably lift production by 1.5 to 2.0 mb/d and Russia by 1.0 mb/d. So world would not go dry for oil even if Iran’s oil exports are fully taken out. But spare capacity would be much lower and that would lift the oil price higher. But if Iran’s exports were taken out then we are talking full turmoil around the Strait of Hormuz. And the oil price would jump considerably and above USD 100/b as the risk of further escalation which might impact exports out of the Strait of Hormuz which carries close to 20% of all oil consumed in the world.

The rule of thumb in commodity markets is that if supply is severely restricted then the price will often spike to 5-10x its normal level. Most recent examples of this is global LNG prices which spiked to USD 385/boe when Russia chocked off gas supplies to Europe. So if worst came to worst and the Strait of Hormuz was closed for a month or more then Brent crude would likely spike to USD 350/b, the world economy would crater and the oil price would fall back to below USD 200/b again over some time. But the risk for this currently seems very remote and both the US and China would likely move in to try to reopen the Strait if it was closed. But when rockets are flying left, right and center, it is not so easy. But seeing where the oil price sits right now the market doesn’t seem to hold much probability for such a development at all.

But it is not so long ago that world markets were taken completely off-guard by the developments in Russia/Ukraine. So while probabilities for worst case scenarios are very low, everyone are still biting nails for what will happen the coming days as we await the retaliatory attack by Israel on Iran.

Analys

More weakness and lower price levels ahead, but the world won’t drown in oil in 2026

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Some rebound but not much. Brent crude rebounded 1.5% yesterday to $65.47/b. This morning it is inching 0.2% up to $65.6/b. The lowest close last week was on Thursday at $64.11/b.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

The curve structure is almost as week as it was before the weekend. The rebound we now have gotten post the message from OPEC+ over the weekend is to a large degree a rebound along the curve rather than much strengthening at the front-end of the curve. That part of the curve structure is almost as weak as it was last Thursday.

We are still on a weakening path. The message from OPEC+ over the weekend was we are still on a weakening path with rising supply from the group. It is just not as rapidly weakening as was feared ahead of the weekend when a quota hike of 500 kb/d/mth for November was discussed.

The Brent curve is on its way to full contango with Brent dipping into the $50ies/b. Thus the ongoing weakening we have had in the crude curve since the start of the year, and especially since early June, will continue until the Brent crude oil forward curve is in full contango along with visibly rising US and OECD oil inventories. The front-month Brent contract will then flip down towards the $60/b-line and below into the $50ies/b.

At what point will OPEC+ turn to cuts? The big question then becomes: When will OPEC+ turn around to make some cuts? At what (price) point will they choose to stabilize the market? Because for sure they will. Higher oil inventories, some more shedding of drilling rigs in US shale and Brent into the 50ies somewhere is probably where the group will step in.

There is nothing we have seen from the group so far which indicates that they will close their eyes, let the world drown in oil and the oil price crash to $40/b or below.

The message from OPEC+ is also about balance and stability. The world won’t drown in oil in 2026. The message from the group as far as we manage to interpret it is twofold: 1) Taking back market share which requires a lower price for non-OPEC+ to back off a bit, and 2) Oil market stability and balance. It is not just about 1. Thus fretting about how we are all going to drown in oil in 2026 is totally off the mark by just focusing on point 1.

When to buy cal 2026? Before Christmas when Brent hits $55/b and before OPEC+ holds its last meeting of the year which is likely to be in early December.

Brent crude oil prices have rebounded a bit along the forward curve. Not much strengthening in the structure of the curve. The front-end backwardation is not much stronger today than on its weakest level so far this year which was on Thursday last week.

Brent crude oil prices have rebounded a bit along the forward curve.
Source: Bloomberg

The front-end backwardation fell to its weakest level so far this year on Thursday last week. A slight pickup yesterday and today, but still very close to the weakest year to date. More oil from OPEC+ in the coming months and softer demand and rising inventories. We are heading for yet softer levels.

The front-end backwardation fell to its weakest level so far this year on Thursday last week.
Source: SEB calculations and graph. Bloomberg data
Fortsätt läsa

Analys

A sharp weakening at the core of the oil market: The Dubai curve

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Down to the lowest since early May. Brent crude has fallen sharply the latest four days. It closed at USD 64.11/b yesterday which is the lowest since early May. It is staging a 1.3% rebound this morning along with gains in both equities and industrial metals with an added touch of support from a softer USD on top.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

What stands out the most to us this week is the collapse in the Dubai one to three months time-spread.

Dubai is medium sour crude. OPEC+ is in general medium sour crude production. Asian refineries are predominantly designed to process medium sour crude. So Dubai is the real measure of the balance between OPEC+ holding back or not versus Asian oil demand for consumption and stock building.

A sharp weakening of the front-end of the Dubai curve. The front-end of the Dubai crude curve has been holding out very solidly throughout this summer while the front-end of the Brent and WTI curves have been steadily softening. But the strength in the Dubai curve in our view was carrying the crude oil market in general. A source of strength in the crude oil market. The core of the strength.

The now finally sharp decline of the front-end of the Dubai crude curve is thus a strong shift. Weakness in the Dubai crude marker is weakness in the core of the oil market. The core which has helped to hold the oil market elevated.

Facts supports the weakening. Add in facts of Iraq lifting production from Kurdistan through Turkey. Saudi Arabia lifting production to 10 mb/d in September (normal production level) and lifting exports as well as domestic demand for oil for power for air con is fading along with summer heat. Add also in counter seasonal rise in US crude and product stocks last week. US oil stocks usually decline by 1.3 mb/week this time of year. Last week they instead rose 6.4 mb/week (+7.2 mb if including SPR). Total US commercial oil stocks are now only 2.1 mb below the 2015-19 seasonal average. US oil stocks normally decline from now to Christmas. If they instead continue to rise, then it will be strongly counter seasonal rise and will create a very strong bearish pressure on oil prices.

Will OPEC+ lift its voluntary quotas by zero, 137 kb/d, 500 kb/d or 1.5 mb/d? On Sunday of course OPEC+ will decide on how much to unwind of the remaining 1.5 mb/d of voluntary quotas for November. Will it be 137 kb/d yet again as for October? Will it be 500 kb/d as was talked about earlier this week? Or will it be a full unwind in one go of 1.5 mb/d? We think most likely now it will be at least 500 kb/d and possibly a full unwind. We discussed this in a not earlier this week: ”500 kb/d of voluntary quotas in October. But a full unwind of 1.5 mb/d”

The strength in the front-end of the Dubai curve held out through summer while Brent and WTI curve structures weakened steadily. That core strength helped to keep flat crude oil prices elevated close to the 70-line. Now also the Dubai curve has given in.

The strength in the front-end of the Dubai curve held out through summer while Brent and WTI curve structures weakened steadily.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data

Brent crude oil forward curves

Brent crude oil forward curves
Source: Bloomberg

Total US commercial stocks now close to normal. Counter seasonal rise last week. Rest of year?

Total US commercial stocks now close to normal.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data

Total US crude and product stocks on a steady trend higher.

Total US crude and product stocks on a steady trend higher.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data
Fortsätt läsa

Analys

OPEC+ will likely unwind 500 kb/d of voluntary quotas in October. But a full unwind of 1.5 mb/d in one go could be in the cards

Publicerat

den

SEB - analysbrev på råvaror

Down to mid-60ies as Iraq lifts production while Saudi may be tired of voluntary cut frugality. The Brent December contract dropped 1.6% yesterday to USD 66.03/b. This morning it is down another 0.3% to USD 65.8/b. The drop in the price came on the back of the combined news that Iraq has resumed 190 kb/d of production in Kurdistan with exports through Turkey while OPEC+ delegates send signals that the group will unwind the remaining 1.65 mb/d (less the 137 kb/d in October) of voluntary cuts at a pace of 500 kb/d per month pace.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Signals of accelerated unwind and Iraqi increase may be connected. Russia, Kazakhstan and Iraq were main offenders versus the voluntary quotas they had agreed to follow. Russia had a production ’debt’ (cumulative overproduction versus quota) of close to 90 mb in March this year while Kazakhstan had a ’debt’ of about 60 mb and the same for Iraq. This apparently made Saudi Arabia angry this spring. Why should Saudi Arabia hold back if the other voluntary cutters were just freeriding? Thus the sudden rapid unwinding of voluntary cuts. That is at least one angle of explanations for the accelerated unwinding.

If the offenders with production debts then refrained from lifting production as the voluntary cuts were rapidly unwinded, then they could ’pay back’ their ’debts’ as they would under-produce versus the new and steadily higher quotas.

Forget about Kazakhstan. Its production was just too far above the quotas with no hope that the country would hold back production due to cross-ownership of oil assets by international oil companies. But Russia and Iraq should be able to do it.

Iraqi cumulative overproduction versus quotas could reach 85-90 mb in October. Iraq has however steadily continued to overproduce by 3-5 mb per month. In July its new and gradually higher quota came close to equal with a cumulative overproduction of only 0.6 mb that month. In August again however its production had an overshoot of 100 kb/d or 3.1 mb for the month. Its cumulative production debt had then risen to close to 80 mb. We don’t know for September yet. But looking at October we now know that its production will likely average close to 4.5 mb/d due to the revival of 190 kb/d of production in Kurdistan. Its quota however will only be 4.24 mb/d. Its overproduction in October will thus likely be around 250 kb/d above its quota  with its production debt rising another 7-8 mb to a total of close to 90 mb.

Again, why should Saudi Arabia be frugal while Iraq is freeriding. Better to get rid of the voluntary quotas as quickly as possible and then start all over with clean sheets.

Unwinding the remaining 1.513 mb/d in one go in October? If OPEC+ unwinds the remaining 1.513 mb/d of voluntary cuts in one big go in October, then Iraq’s quota will be around 4.4 mb/d for October versus its likely production of close to 4.5 mb/d for the coming month..

OPEC+ should thus unwind the remaining 1.513 mb/d (1.65 – 0.137 mb/d) in one go for October in order for the quota of Iraq to be able to keep track with Iraq’s actual production increase.

October 5 will show how it plays out. But a quota unwind of at least 500 kb/d for Oct seems likely. An overall increase of at least 500 kb/d in the voluntary quota for October looks likely. But it could be the whole 1.513 mb/d in one go. If the increase in the quota is ’only’ 500 kb/d then Iraqi cumulative production will still rise by 5.7 mb to a total of 85 mb in October.

Iraqi production debt versus quotas will likely rise by 5.7 mb in October if OPEC+ only lifts the overall quota by 500 kb/d in October. Here assuming historical production debt did not rise in September. That Iraq lifts its production by 190 kb/d in October to 4.47 mb/d (August level + 190 kb/d) and that OPEC+ unwinds 500 kb/d of the remining quotas in October when they decide on this on 5 October.

Iraqi production debt versus quotas
Source: SEB calculations, assumptions and graph, Bloomberg actual production data to August
Fortsätt läsa

Guldcentralen

Aktier

Annons

Gratis uppdateringar om råvarumarknaden

*

Populära