Last week, U.S. crude oil refinery inputs averaged 15.8 million barrels per day, an increase of 87k bl/day from the previous week. Refineries operated at 87% of their total operable capacity during the period. Gasoline production declined, averaging 9.2 million barrels per day (m bl/d), while distillate (diesel) production also edged lower to 4.5 m bl/d.

U.S. crude oil imports averaged 6.2 m bl/d, up 810k barrels from the prior week. Over the past four weeks, imports have averaged 5.7 m bl/d, representing an 11% YoY decline compared to the same period last year.

Where we place most of our attention – and what continues to influence short-term price dynamics in both WTI and Brent crude – remains U.S. crude and product inventories. Total commercial petroleum inventories (excl. SPR) rose by 3.2 m bl, a relatively modest build that is unlikely to trigger major price reactions. Brent crude traded at around USD 73.9 per barrel when the data was released yesterday afternoon (16:30 CEST) and has since slid by USD 0.4/bl to USD 73.5/bl this morning, still among the highest price levels seen in March 2025.

Commercial crude oil inventories (excl. SPR) fell by 3.3 m bl, contrasting with last week’s build and offering some price support, though the draw was less severe than the API’s reported -4.6 m bl. Crude inventories now stand at 433.6 m bl, about 5% below the five-year average for this time of year. Gasoline inventories declined by 1.4 m bl (API: -3.3 m bl), though they remain 2% above the five-year average. Diesel inventories fell by 0.4 m bl (API: -1.3 m bl), leaving them 7% below seasonal norms.

Over the past four weeks, total products supplied – a proxy for U.S. demand – averaged 20.2 m bl/d, up 0.5% compared to the same period last year. Gasoline supplied averaged 8.9 m bl/d, down 0.2%, while diesel supplied came in at 3.9 m bl/d, up 1.8%. Jet fuel demand also showed strength, rising 3.9% over the same four-week period.

Brent crude prices have held onto gains after rising for four consecutive days, increasing by USD 2.8 per barrel over the past week (since last Tuesday). Late last week, we saw a significant uptick in prices, primarily driven by U.S. sanctions on Iran and a surge in speculative long positions, which rose by as much as 45 million barrels week-on-week (WoW).

Today, crude prices remain supported as fresh threats from the U.S. president add to upward momentum. President Trump has signaled that he will impose a hefty 25% tariff on countries purchasing crude oil from Venezuela, further tightening the global supply side. This move is naturally bolstering crude prices as concerns over reduced supply growth.

This latest development is particularly challenging for China’s private refiners (Teapots), which are already facing weak refining margins and excess capacity. The imposition of tariffs on Venezuelan crude could exacerbate these difficulties, making it even harder for these refineries to stay competitive.

As of now, Brent crude is trading at USD 73.3 per barrel, having increased by USD 0.2 per barrel since the market opening.

Higher last week along with equities and Iran sanctions. Brent crude gained 2.4% last week. It closed the week at USD 72.16/b and traded within a range of USD 69.9 – 72.51/b with the high of the week being set on Friday. New US sanctions towards Iran was one of the drivers while a continued rebound in global equities was an important ingredient as well. Brent crude is up 0.2% this morning at USD 72.3/b along with positive equities. 

First round panic over harsh Trump tariffs is lifting with hopes for more targeted tariffs. Concerns for global economic growth and oil demand growth due to unexpectedly harsh Trump tariffs initiated a sharp selloff in equities as well as oil. Crude oil and equities have rebounded together as the first-round panic on Trump tariffs has lifted. Equity futures are rising 0.5% or more this morning on hopes that the next round of Trump tariffs will be more targeted and less broadly damaging. Looking at equities this morning one should expect Brent to move yet higher today.

Speculators are putting money back into the market. Net long speculative positions rose 45 mb over the week to Tuesday last week following an almost non-stop selloff since late January.

No oil market surplus yet. The question is mid-year onwards. It’s about oil demand growth and OPEC+. The global oil market is not yet running a surplus, but it will likely do so by mid-year. Key will be:

1) How will global oil demand growth develop in response to Trump tariffs?

2) Will OPEC+ decide to lift production yet higher after its first hike in April?

OPEC+ has already decided to lift production in April. Our impression is that that decision was partially influenced by Donald Trump asking for more oil and a lower oil price. I.e. that OPEC+ (controlled by Russia and Saudi Arabia) now has a slightly different approach to how they set production targets. I.e. that it is no longer just about price but also about the political relationship with Donald Trump. The Joint Ministerial Monitoring Committee (JMMC) will meet on 3 April to decide what to do in May.

Net long speculative positions in Brent crude and WTI rose 45 mb over week to Tuesday last week.