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Crude oil comment: Deferred contracts still at very favorable levels as latest rally concentrated at front-end

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Bouncing up again after hitting the 200dma. Bitter cold winter storm in Texas adding to it. Brent crude continued its pullback yesterday with a decline of 1.1% to USD 79.29/b trading as low as USD 78.45/b during the day dipping below the 200dma line while closing above. This morning it has been testing the downside but is now a little higher at USD 79.6/b. A bitter cold winter storm is hitting Texas to Floriday. It is going to disrupt US nat gas exports and possibly also US oil production and exports. This may be part of the drive higher for oil today. But maybe also just a bounce up after it tested the 200dma yesterday.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Some of the oomph from the Biden-sanctions on Russia has started to defuse with arguments running that these sanctions will only delay exports of Russian crude and products rather than disrupt them. The effects of sanctions historically tend to dissipate over time as the affected party finds ways around them.

Donald criticizing Putin. Biden-sanctions may not be removed so easily. In a surprising comment, Donald Trump has criticized Putin saying that he is ”destroying Russia” and that ”this is no way to run a country”. Thus, Donald Trump coming Putin to the rescue, removing the recent Biden-sanctions and handing him a favorable peace deal with Ukraine, no longer seems so obvious.

Deeper and wider oil sanctions from Trump may lift deferred contracts. Trump may see that he has the stronger position while Putin is caught in a quagmire of a war in Ukraine. Putin in response seems to seek closer relationship with Iran. That may not be the smart move as the US administration is working on a new set of sanctions towards Iranian oil industry. We expect Donald Trump to initiate new sanctions towards Iran and Venezuela in order to make room for higher US oil production and exports. That however will also require a higher oil price to be realized. On the back of the latest comments from Donald Trump one might wonder whether also Russia will end up with harder sanctions from the US and lower Russian exports as a result and not just Iran and Venezuela. Such sanctions could lift deferred prices.

Deferred crude oil prices are close to the 70-line and are still good buys for oil consumers as uplift in prices have mostly taken place at the front-end of the curves. Same for oil products including middle distillates like ICE Gas oil. But deeper and lasting sanctions towards Iran, Venezuela and potentially also Russia could lift deferred prices higher.

The recent rally in the Dubai 1-3 mth time-spread has pulled back a little. But it has not collapsed and is still very, very strong in response to previous buyers of Russian crude turning to the Middle East.

The recent rally in the Dubai 1-3 mth time-spread has pulled back a little.
Source: SEB graph and calculations, Bloomberg data

The backwardation in crude is very sharp and front-loaded. The deferred contracts can still be bought at close to the 70-line for Brent crude. The rolling Brent 24mth contract didn’t get all that much lower over the past years except for some brief dips just below USD 70/b

The backwardation in crude is very sharp and front-loaded.
Source: SEB graph and calculations, Bloomberg data

ICE Gasoil rolling forward 12mths and 24mths came as low as USD 640/ton in 2024. Current price is not much higher at USD 662/ton and the year 2027 can be bought at USD 658/ton. Even after the latest rally in the front end of crude and mid-dist curves. Deeper sanctions towards Iran, Russia and Venezuela could potentially lift these higher.

ICE Gasoil rolling forward 12mths and 24mths came as low as USD 640/ton in 2024.
Source: SEB graph and calculations, Bloomberg data

Forward curves for Brent crude swaps and ICE gasoil swaps.

Forward curves for Brent crude swaps and ICE gasoil swaps.
Source: SEB graph and highlights, Bloomberg data

Nat gas front-month getting costlier than Brent crude and fuel oil. Likely shifting some demand away from nat gas to instead oil substitutes.

Nat gas front-month getting costlier than Brent crude and fuel oil.
Source: SEB graph and calculations, Bloomberg data

Analys

Rising with softer USD and positive markets but less bullish tailwind from nat gas

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Ticking higher along with softer USD and gains in metals and equities. Brent traded down marginally (-0.2%) yesterday to USD 72.02/b following a 2.4% decline on Wednesday. This morning it is ticking up 0.5% to USD 75.4/b, well aligned with a 0.4% softer USD and solid gains in equities and industrial metals. Technically it is neither overbought nor oversold with RSI at 45. Though it is flirting with the 100dma also being below both the 50dma and the 200dma. So, no obvious strength either. The bullish tailwind from nat gas is fading a bit with TTF nat gas falling sharply to below the price of ICE Gasoil (”diesel”).

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Longer-dated prices supported at USD 68/b. But looks like a process of fading strength. The longer-dated contracts for Brent keep trading down towards the high 60ies around USD 68/b but are rejected repeatedly. The pricing for these contracts looks like a process of fading strength. Just oozing closer to the USD 68/b level with smaller and smaller bounces each time. Very clear consumer buying interest for oil products when Brent crude prices move towards the USD 68-70/b level. This support level may thus to some degree come from the consumer side of the market. If oil consuming industry loses confidence in the economy, we might see the longer dated prices break below USD 68-70/b. But oil producers may also have limited interest in hedging downside risk at around the 68-mark. So, selling from that side of the market is probably also fading at that level. But also, sellers/producers may change if the global economy was to look shakier.

Microscopic changes in IEA forecast. OPEC(+) still needs to cut in 2025 to balance market. The IEA made only microscopic adjustments to its oil market balance yesterday. Adjusting production in OECD Europe and FSU production slightly lower resulting in call-on-OPEC going up by 0.2 mb/d versus the previous report. Call-on-OPEC is still set to decline from 27.1 mb/d in 2024 to 26.7 mb/d in 2025. A y-y decline of 0.4 mb/d implying that the group will have to cut production comparably in 2025. OPEC+ is of course planning to lift production by 120 kb/d/month from April onwards. Nope, says the IEA. It has to reduce supply instead.

Front-month and longer dated Brent crude oil prices in USD/b bouncing off the USD 68-70/b level.

Front-month and longer dated Brent crude oil prices in USD/b bouncing off the USD 68-70/b level.
Source: SEB graph, Bloomberg data

European TTF front-month price trading sharply lower following signals that nat gas inventories in Europe may not need to mandatory fill to 90% by 1 November anyhow.

European TTF front-month price trading sharply lower following signals that nat gas inventories in Europe may not need to mandatory fill to 90% by 1 November anyhow.
Source: SEB calculations and graph, Bloomberg data
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Analys

Climbing crude inventories in line with seasonal patterns

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Yesterday’s report from the US DOE revealed an increase of 4.1 million barrels in US crude oil inventories for the previous week. This build exceeded the consensus estimate of 2.5 million barrels whilst less than the API forecast of 9 million barrels reported on Tuesday. As of last week, total US crude inventories stand at 428 million barrels, which represents a decrease of 12 million barrels compared to the same week last year.

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB
Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

In addition, gasoline inventories decreased by 3.0 million barrels, surpassing the consensus estimate of a 0.5-million-barrel drawdown. Conversely, distillate (diesel) inventories saw an increase of 0.135 million barrels, contrary to the expected decline of 1.5 million barrels. In total, commercial inventories (excluding the SPR) – which include crude oil, gasoline, and diesel – rose by 1.2 million barrels.

Refinery utilization improved by 0.5 percentage points, reaching 85% last week. Meanwhile, total products supplied (a proxy for implied demand) over the past four-week period averaged 20.3 million barrels per day, reflecting a 2.8% increase compared to the same period last year.

Additionally, gasoline demand averaged 8.3 million barrels per day over the past four weeks, up by 0.9% from the same period in 2024. Diesel demand averaged 4.2 million barrels per day, showing a significant increase of 13.6% year-on-year. Jet fuel demand also saw an increase of 4.4% compared to the same four-week period in 2024.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) will be releasing its monthly report today at 10:00 CET.

Oil inventories
Oil inventories
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Analys

Crude oil comment: Tariffs spark small reactions, but price gains hold steady

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Brent crude prices bottomed out at USD 74.10 per barrel on Thursday evening (February 6th) after a continuous decline since mid-January. Since then, prices have climbed uninterruptedly by USD 2.5 per barrel, reaching the current level of USD 76.50 per barrel.

Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB
Ole R. Hvalbye, Analyst Commodities, SEB

Since the beginning of 2025, price movements have been more volatile compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. Additionally, the market has broken the firm range-bound levels of USD 70–75 per barrel that prevailed from mid-October 2024 to January 2025.

Brent crude rose by nearly USD 1.50 per barrel yesterday (February 10th), driven by a tighter supply outlook. This has been credited to stricter sanctions resulting in Russia producing below its quota. Meanwhile, the US President recently ordered a 25% tariff on all aluminum and steel imports, including from Canada and Mexico, the country’s top two foreign suppliers. The tariffs are set to take effect on March 12, according to the White House.

At present, Brent crude appears to be holding onto its price gains, with little reaction so far to the latest tariff news, as markets await key US CPI data scheduled for tomorrow (February 12th).

As we highlighted last week (link), there has recently been a significant build-up in US crude inventories, with Canadian crude flows increasing rapidly to meet the tariff deadline, which was originally set for March. However, US industry-based inventory data (API) is due to be released later today, and we expect a slowdown, as Canada negotiated a 30-day delay in the imposition of US tariffs. A 10% import tariff on Canadian oil had been proposed.

On top of that, there is an increasing risk to the Gaza ceasefire deal, as both parties have accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement. The US President has stated that Israel should call off its ceasefire agreement with Hamas if hostages are not returned by this weekend, further contributing to heightened geopolitical tensions, as well as the US’ tougher stance on Iran.

Stay tuned. This week, monthly oil market reports from the EIA (this evening), IEA (Thursday, February 13th), and OPEC (tomorrow, February 12th) will be released.

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