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SEB Jordbruksprodukter, 18 mars 2013

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SEB Veckobrev med prognoser på jordbruksråvaror

SEB - Prognoser på råvaror - CommodityPrisfallet på spannmål har stannat av och såväl Chicago som Matif hade en av sina bättre veckor på länge. Sojabönorna med rapsfröet i släptåg gick åt motsatt håll, men båda håller sig ännu över sina respektive tekniska stödnivåer. Terminer på mjölkprodukterna smör och SMP steg på den tyska börsen Eurex. På tisdag får vi resultatet av Fonterras senaste auktion.

Den 28 mars är det dags för kvartalsstatistiken från det amerikanska jordbruksdepartementet. Klockan 17 den dagen presenteras uppdaterade siffror på ”prospective plantings” för vete och majs och lagerstatistiken per den första mars.

Odlingsväder

I veckan som gick regnade det i området kring Mississippi-floden, medan de västra delarna var fortsatt torra. Torkan släpper längs Mississippifloden och i östra USA och tränger ut torkan längre mot väster. Fortfarande är stora delar av USA torkdrabbat, men något mindre i veckans rapport. 63.6% av USA:s mark är torrare än normalt. I Juldagens rapport var det som värst med över 72% torrt. 16.5% av USA:s mark är fortfarande extremt eller exceptionellt torr. Även det är en minskning från maximum på över 19% som nåddes den sista januari.

Odlingsväder - D3, D4, drought

Regn och kyla var på sina håll i USA så besvärande att sådden av majs hindrades. Europa fick nederbörd i veckan. Tidigare i år har Europa fått lite mindre nederbörd än normalt.

Vete

Priset på november (2013) steg upp mot 210-nivån i veckan. Det är ett avgörande läge, eftersom den här prisnivån just nu också är i den övre delen av den trendkanal nedåt som priset legat i sedan början av december när WASDE-rapporten fick marknaden på fall. När man är ute och talar med lantbrukare i Sverige får man höra följande: För det första är det ganska få som hann med att prissäkra på de höga prisnivåerna över 230 euro per ton som marknaden erbjöd mellan augusti och december. Den första stora prisuppgången 2007 var det nästan ingen som sålde eftersom man inte visste hur långt upp priset kunde gå. Vid nästa stora prisuppgång, 2010, prissäkrade man därför för tidigt, redan i september i många fall. Därför ångrade man sig när toppen noterades i februari 2011. Den här gången har man därför väntat – och missat toppen. Därför är det säkert många som kommer att passa på och sälja om priset rekylerar upp till – exempelvis – 220 euro per ton. Detta gör att uppgångar härifrån kan bli ganska begränsade, om inte utbudet i världen skadas allvarligt av försämrade odlingsförhållanden.

Teknisk prognos på vetepris

Jag tror att prisfallet de tre senaste månaderna är över och att vi får se lite ”sidledes” rörelse de närmaste veckorna. Intresse att prissäkra från lantbrukshåll finns om priserna är lite högre. Utvecklingen på vädret framöver blir viktigt.

Decemberkontraktet på CBOT hade en av sida bättre veckor, även den. Inte för att det är början på en prisuppgång, utan för att priset, som vi skrev förra veckan, kanske gått lite för långt ner lite för hastigt. Prisuppgången kommer alltså trots att det i veckan kom rapporter om ökande nederbörd och avtagande torka. Den enda tolkningen då är rimligen den, att priset gått ner lite för långt.

Decemberkontraktet på CBOT

Terminskurvorna visar att alla terminer stigit. På Matif har alla löptider gått upp lika mycket. I USA har gammal skörd handlats upp mer än ny. Det är rimligt att detta sker, eftersom lagerkostnaderna minskar med minskande lager och att transporterna ut från USA kommer igång igen. Att vete blivit billigare än majs för gammal skörd bidrar också till att dra upp priset på vete.

Terminspriser på vete enligt Bloomberg

Det har kommit en del statistik i veckan – som pekar åt olika håll. Franska Cocerals rapport indikerar högre priser. De tror att skörden i Frankrike blir bara något högre och 12 mt lägre i Storbritannien, där sådden var 25% mindre än normalt i höstas. Frankrike, som är EU:s största veteproducent beräknas bara öka skörden marginellt med 0.1 mt till 35.9 mt. Detta beror på att de största odlingsdistrikten Picardie och Centre fick mer än dubbelt så mycket nederbörd som normalt i december. FranceAgriMer estimerar att 66% av den franska veteskörden är i ”good” eller ”very good” condition per den 4 mars. Förra året samma tid var siffran 68%. Det är alltså nästan samma nivå.

Pristendens på råvaror från jordbruketCoceral estimerade den tyska skörden till 23.6 mt, vilket är på samma nivå som DRV (Deutsche Raiffeisenverband) också publicerade i veckan som gick. DRV pekade på att det hittills inte förekommit några övervintringsskador på grund av frost.

Spanien, som förra året drabbades av torka, väntas i år producera normalt. Forna öststater väntas fortsätta öka produktionen. I förra veckans WASDE-rapport noterade vi också att den enda justering som USDA gjorde var att höja Litauens skörd med 500,000 ton. Det är en tydlig tendens.

”Soft Wheat” – skörden i EU tror Coceral blir 127.8 mt (+3.2 mt från förra året).

Strategie Grains som också rapporterade i veckan tror att samma skörd blir 131.6 mt. EU-kommissionen tror på ännu högre skörd, 132.1 mt.

Liksom förra veckan tror jag att de tre senaste månadernas prisfall på vete är över. Däremot tror jag inte på någon rask uppgång, utan mer på ”sidledes” rörelse medan marknaden tolkar de rapporter som kommer in – och lagerstatistiken som USDA publicerar den 28 mars. Ska man hålla koll på någonting särskilt är det om 210-nivån på Matif bryts på uppsidan. Det vore ett klart styrketecken om köparna lyckas ta hand om alla säljordrar som troligtvis anhopat sig där.

Maltkorn

Priset på maltkorn med leverans i november har visat mer styrka än kvarnvetet i veckan som gick. Priset steg från 240 till 247, medan kvarnvetet ”bara” steg några euro.

Priskurvor för maltkorn och kvarnvete

Majs

Majspriset (december 2013) fortsatte att stiga i veckan som gick. Priset gick upp till 561 cent – en nivå som dels ligger an mot den övre trendkanalen och dels är en nivå där uppgångar slutat tidigare. Marknaden står alltså nu under helgen och väger. Om priset håller sig på den här nivån får vi en någorlunda god bekräftelse på att prisfallet från december är över.

Teknisk prognos på majspris C / Z3

Veckovis etanolproduktion i minskade i veckan, men priset på etanol steg kraftigt. Vid årsskiftet handlades etanolen i 2.20 dollar per gallon och nu ligger den på 2.60. Detta sker samtidigt som oljepriset har fallit. Högre pris borde leda till högre produktion och högre efterfrågan på majs.

DL1 comdty - Prisgraf

Vi har samma tolkning av marknaden som förra veckan. Prisfallet har troligtvis ebbat ut och priset bör röra sig ”sidledes”.

Sojabönor

Sojabönorna (november 2013) har till skillnad från majs, vete och maltkorn, handlats ner i veckan som stödet som jag skrivit om tidigare, på 1254 cent, har hållit. Novemberterminen stängde i fredags på 1261.

Prisutveckling på sojabönor

Skörden i Brasilien har kommit halvvägs. Bönderna har sålt 60% av skörden. Som jag skrev förra veckan är priserna inåt landet pressade på grund av den långsamma exporten. I Paranagua är väntan 75 dagar enligtFryer reports. Argentinska bönder har bara sålt 10% av skörden vilket är mindre än förra året då 30% sålt så här års. Argentina förklarades nästan i konkurs i en domstol i London häromveckan. Det finns därför en anledning att behålla sparkapitalet i den reala och säkra form som sojabönorna utgör.

I fredags publicerade NOPA (National Oilseed Processors Organisation) sin månadsvisa crush report. Den visar att sojabönslagret i USA äts upp i ett rasande tempo, samtidigt som världen får lov att vänta för att kunna få tag på de sydamerikanska bönorna.

Marknadsläget är oförändrat från förra veckan: I veckan som kommer får man hålla koll på om priset håller sig över det tekniska stödet vid 1254 eller om det bryts. Om det bryts vill vi vara korta sojabönor.

Raps

Rapspriset (november 2013) föll i torsdags rakt ner till det tekniska stödet på 415 euro per ton, men vände i fredags upp därifrån till 420, men stängde veckan på exakt 415 euro. Det var stora prisfall även i Winnipeg. Detta ”borde” inte ske ur ett fundamentalt perspektiv eftersom lagren är så små men sojabönorna sjönk och då kan inte rapsen gå sin egen väg.

Diagram över raprspriset den 17 mars 2013

Olyckligtvis lämnade vi förra veckan en negativ vy på rapsen till nuvarande neutrala. Om marknaden handlar ner priset under 415 går vi omedelbart över till negativ vy igen, annars håller vi fast vid det neutrala. Jag tror inte man bör vara lång raps, så har man raps som inte är prissäkrat bör man överväga att göra det.

Gris

Grispriset (Maj 13) vände ner igen, precis som vi skrev förra veckan. Prisuppgången i början på mars får vi än så länge betrakta som en rekyl mot den i det större perspektivet fallande trenden.

Pris på gris - Termin

Mjölk

Resultatet för Fonterras auktion presenteras på tisdag. I februari började det priset stiga ordentligt, från 2600 euro per ton till 3082 euro per ton. Den senaste veckan har vi också sett att priserna på Eurex stigit något, men inte alls i samma utsträckning som Fonterra auktionens pris.

I kursdiagrammet nedan ser vi fyra kurvor, som förra veckan. Överst har vi smör i euro per ton, alla är i euro per ton. Den tunna röda linjen USDA:s notering för SMP i västra Europa. Den feta röda linjen är terminspriset på SMP på Eurex, som avser snittpriset på SMP i Tyskland, Holland och Frankrike. Den gröna linjen är Fonterras auktionspris på SMP.

Kursdiagram över mejeriprodukter

SEB Commodities erbjuder ett litet ”prova-på” kontrakt som består av 0.5 ton Eurex-smör och 0.9 ton Eurex SMP. Ett paket som motsvarar 10 ton flytande mjölkråvara. Just nu är det underliggande värdet på ett sådant kontrakt drygt 33 000 kronor.

Den som vill följa priset på SMP på Eurex gör det via länken:

www.eurexchange.com/exchange-en/products/com/agr/14016/

Vi har säljrekommendation på mjölkterminer.

[box]SEB Veckobrev Jordbruksprodukter är producerat av SEB Merchant Banking och publiceras i samarbete och med tillstånd på Råvarumarknaden.se[/box]

Disclaimer

The information in this document has been compiled by SEB Merchant Banking, a division within Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) (“SEB”).

Opinions contained in this report represent the bank’s present opinion only and are subject to change without notice. All information contained in this report has been compiled in good faith from sources believed to be reliable. However, no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made with respect to the completeness or accuracy of its contents and the information is not to be relied upon as authoritative. Anyone considering taking actions based upon the content of this document is urged to base his or her investment decisions upon such investigations as he or she deems necessary. This document is being provided as information only, and no specific actions are being solicited as a result of it; to the extent permitted by law, no liability whatsoever is accepted for any direct or consequential loss arising from use of this document or its contents.

About SEB

SEB is a public company incorporated in Stockholm, Sweden, with limited liability. It is a participant at major Nordic and other European Regulated Markets and Multilateral Trading Facilities (as well as some non-European equivalent markets) for trading in financial instruments, such as markets operated by NASDAQ OMX, NYSE Euronext, London Stock Exchange, Deutsche Börse, Swiss Exchanges, Turquoise and Chi-X. SEB is authorized and regulated by Finansinspektionen in Sweden; it is authorized and subject to limited regulation by the Financial Services Authority for the conduct of designated investment business in the UK, and is subject to the provisions of relevant regulators in all other jurisdictions where SEB conducts operations. SEB Merchant Banking. All rights reserved.

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Analys

How renewable fuels are accelerating the decarbonisation of transport

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WisdomTree

On 16 November 2022, UK’s Royal Air Force (RAF) Voyager aircraft, the military variant of the Airbus A330, took to the skies for 90 minutes over Oxfordshire. What looked like a routine test flight in its outward appearance was ultimately deemed ground-breaking. Why? It was a world-first military transporter aircraft flight, and the first of any aircraft type in the UK to be completed using 100% sustainable jet fuel.  

Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree
Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree

What are renewable fuels?

Renewable hydrocarbon biofuels (also called green or drop-in biofuels) are fuels produced from biomass sources through a variety of biological, thermal, and chemical processes. These products are chemically identical to petroleum gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel.

In other words, renewable fuels are sources of energy chemically identical to fossil fuels but produced from domestic, commercial, or agricultural waste (see Figure 1 below).

Figure 1: Converting waste into energy

Waste types and refinery output

Why the excitement?

Renewable fuels, like renewable diesel and sustainable jet fuel, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 80-90% compared to fossil fuels. And because they burn much cleaner, engine filters remain cleaner for longer reducing the need for maintenance. Furthermore, given used cooking oil, vegetable oil, processing waste, and animal fat waste are used as inputs, the production of these fuels reduces biowaste, thereby cutting emissions from landfills.

This makes renewable fuels a key component of the circular economy. Humans have largely operated on the linear model historically when it comes to utilising natural resources. The circular model, in contrast, is much less wasteful and seeks to recycle as much as possible (see Figure 2 below).

Figure 2: The Circular Economy

Circular economy
Source: WisdomTree, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2023

The most exciting thing about renewable fuels is the immediacy with which they can make an impact. The reason why they are referred to as drop-in fuels is that they can replace fossil fuels in internal combustion engines with little or no modification required. So, if supply was abundant enough, forms of transport which cannot be electrified easily like heavy duty trucks, ships, and aeroplanes can be switched across to renewable fuels making a significant improvement to the environmental footprint. According to BP, “A return flight between London and San Francisco has a carbon footprint per economy ticket of nearly 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent. With the aviation industry expected to double to over 8 billion passengers by 2050, it is essential that we act to reduce aviation’s carbon emissions.”

The challenge

Renewable fuels or biofuels are still in their infancy. This means the obvious hurdle to overcome is cost competitiveness with fossil fuels. Cost estimates vary, but figures from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) provide a useful sense for the ballpark. In May 2022, IATA stated that the average worldwide price of jet fuel is about $4.15 per gallon compared to the US average price of a gallon of sustainable aviation fuel, which is about $8.67.

So, roughly double the price of the incumbent polluting technology. This is not a bad starting point at all. Considering how rapidly the cost of energy storage in batteries has fallen in the last decade, renewable fuels could become competitive quite soon if sufficient investment is made and economies of scale are achieved. IATA also predicts that renewable fuels could make up 2% of all aviation fuels by 2025, which could become a tipping point in their competitiveness.

Businesses are acting

Businesses pursuing their own net zero targets have already started exploring renewable fuels to minimise their waste. Darling Ingredients Inc, which produces its trademark Diamond Green Diesel from recycled animal fats, inedible corn oil, and used cooking oil, was chosen by fast food chain Chick-fil-A in March 2022 to turn its used cooking oil into clean transportation fuel.

Similarly, McDonald’s entered into a partnership with Neste Corporation in 2020 to convert its used vegetable oil into renewable diesel and fuel the trucks that make deliveries to its restaurants. According to TortoiseEcofin, both Darling Ingredients and Neste have a net negative carbon footprint given emissions produced by these businesses are lower that the emissions avoided because of their renewable fuels.

A final word

Renewable fuels alone will not tackle climate change. No single solution can. But they can help us make meaningful progress. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasises how crucial it is for the world to halve its greenhouse gas emissions this decade to at least have a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5oC. This means that solutions with an immediate effect have an important role to play. Biofuels can cut emissions from waste in landfills and provide much cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels to help accelerate the world’s decarbonisation efforts. They don’t require different engines to be of use. They just need funding to reach scale.

Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree

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SEB Metals Weekly: China Covid exit is bullish for metals

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China Covid exit is bullish for metals

Softer inflation, slight macro-optimism, and China taking a rapid exit from Covid restrictions. Markets have become more optimistic. Inflation indices have eased and that has created some hopes that central banks won’t lift interest to a level that will kill the economy in 2023. Natural gas prices in Europe have fallen sharply. This has suddenly reduced energy-inflationary pressure and removed the direst downside economic risks for the region. But general market optimism is far from super-strong yet. The S&P 500 index has only gained 1.9% since our previous forecast on 1 Nov 2021, and oil prices are down nearly 10% in a reflection of concerns for global growth. China has however removed all Covid-restrictions almost overnight. It is now set to move out of its three years of Covid-19 isolation and lockdowns at record speed. Industrial metals are up 20% and the Hong Kong equity index is up 40% as a result (since 1 Nov-22). China’s sudden and rapid Covid-19 exit is plain and simply bullish for the Chinese economy to the point that mobility indices are already rebounding quickly. SEB’s general view is that inflation impulses will fade quickly. No need then for central banks across the world to kill the global economy with further extreme rate hikes. These developments have removed much of the downside price risks for metals in 2023 and we have to a large degree shifted our 2024 forecast to 2023.

Lower transparency, more geopolitics, more borders, and higher prices and exponential spikes. The first decade of this century was about emerging markets, the BRICs, the commodity price boom, the commodity investment boom, and free markets with free flow of commodities and labor with China and Russia hand in hand with western countries walking towards the future. High capex spending in the first decade led to plentiful supply and low prices for commodities from 2011 to 2020. A world of plenty, friends everywhere, free flow of everything, and no need to worry. The coming decade will likely be very different. Supply growth will struggle due to mediocre capex spending over the past 10 years. Prices will on average be significantly higher. There will be frequent exponential price spikes whenever demand hits supply barriers. Price transparency will be significantly reduced due to borders, taxes, sanctions, geopolitical alignments, and carbon intensities. Prices will be much less homogenous. Aluminium will no longer be just one price and one quality. Who made it, where was it made, where will it be consumed and what the carbon content will create a range of prices. Same for most other metals.

Copper: Struggling supply and China revival propel copper prices higher. Unrest in Peru is creating significant supply risks for copper as the country accounts for 10% of the global supply. Chile accounts for 27% of global production. Production there is disappointing with Codelco, the Chilean state-owned copper mining company, struggling to hit production targets. The Cobre Panama mine in Panama is at risk of being closed over a tax dispute between Quantum and the government. Cobre Panama is one of the biggest new mines globally over the past 10 years. The rapid exit from Covid restrictions in China is bullish for the Chinese economy and thus for copper demand and it has helped to propel prices higher along with the mentioned supply issues. The Chinese property market will continue to struggle, and it normally accounts for 20% of global copper demand while China accounted for 55% of global copper demand in 2021. While China is no longer prioritizing the housing market it is full speed ahead for solar, wind, EVs, and electrification in general. So, weakening Chinese copper demand from housing will likely be replaced by the new prioritized growth sectors. Global supply growth is likely going to be muted in the decade to come while demand growth will be somewhere between a normal 3% pa. to a strong 4% pa. to a very strong 5% pa. Copper prices will be high, and demand will hit the supply barrier repeatedly with exponential spikes as the world is working hard to accelerate the energy transition. Copper prices could easily spike to USD 15-16,000/ton nearest years.

Nickel: Tight high-quality nickel market but a surplus for a low-quality nickel. Nickel production is growing aggressively in Indonesia. The country is projected to account for 60-70% of global supply in 2030. This will become a huge and extremely concentrated geopolitical risk for the world’s consumers of nickel. Indonesia has an abundance of low-grade C2 nickel. The challenge is to convert low-quality C2 nickel to high-quality C1. We are set for a surplus of C2 nickel but the market for C1 nickel will depend strongly on the conversion capacity for C2 to C1. Low price transparency will also help to send prices flying between USD 20,000/ton and USD 30,000/ton. Strong growth in nickel production in Indonesia should initially call for prices down to USD 20,000/ton. But Indonesia is a price setter. It will account for 50% of global supply in 2023. It doesn’t make sense for Indonesia to kill the nickel price. If the nickel price drops, then Indonesia could quickly regulate supply. There should be a premium to nickel due to this. As a result, we expect the nickel price to average USD 24,000/ton in 2023. C2 to C1 conversion capacity may be strained and there should also be a monopoly premium due to the size of Indonesia. Converting C2 to C1 is however extremely carbon intensive and that could be an increasing issue in the years to come.

Zinc: Super-tight global market. European LME inventories are ZERO and zinc smelters there are still closed. European zinc smelters account for 16% of global zinc smelter capacity. Most of this was closed over the past year due to extremely high energy prices. European LME zinc stockpiles are now down to a stunning zero! The global zinc market is extremely tight. Reopening of European zinc smelting seems unlikely in H1-23 with a continued super-tight market as a result both in Europe and globally.

Aluminium: Price likely to be in the range of USD 2400 – 3200/ton and line with coal prices in China. Aluminium prices have historically been tightly tied to the price of coal. But coal prices have been all over the place since the start of 2021 with huge price differences between Amsterdam, Australia, and domestic Chinese coal prices which are now largely state-controlled. China banning imports of Australian coal, the Chinese energy crisis in 2021, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 are ingredients here. This sent aluminium prices flying high and low. Coal prices in China today imply a price of aluminium between USD 2400/ton and 3150/ton with the LME 3mth aluminium price nicely in between at USD 2590/ton. The global coal market should now become more orderly as China now again is accepting Australian coal. Energy costs have fallen sharply in Europe and some producers in the Netherlands have talked about possible restarts of production. China is likely to reduce its exports of primary aluminium. Energy security of supply is high on the agenda in China, and it makes no sense to emit lots of CO2 in China and indirectly export energy in the form of primary aluminium. Growth in non-China aluminium demand in the years to come will have to be covered by non-China producers which have the potential to force prices higher and away from coal as the price driver. While LME has one price for the 3mth aluminium price we’ll likely get larger and larger price differences across the world in the form of possibly extreme price premiums for example in the EU and the US.

SEB Commodities price outlook
Source: SEB Markets – Commodities. Historical data: Bloomberg 
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Solid demand growth and strained supply to push Brent above USD 100/b

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SEB - Prognoser på råvaror - Commodity

Brent crude had a strong end of the year as it traded at the highest level since 1 December. It is a slow start to the new year due to bank holidays and Dated Brent trades close to USD 85/b. It averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We expect it to average more than USD 100/b on average for the coming year amid strained supply and rebounding demand. Chinese oil demand is set to recover strongly along with re-openings while non-OECD will continue to move higher. At the moment oil looks absurdly cheap as it is cheaper than natural gas in both EU and Japan and also cheaper than coal in Australia.

Some price strength at the end of the year. The Dated Brent crude oil price index gained 2.3% on Friday with a close at USD 84.97/b. It was the highest close since 1 December. This morning it is trading slightly lower at USD 84.8/b but the market is basically void of action due to bank holidays.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities at SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Gloom and doom but IEA, OPEC and US EIA project global crude oil demand to rise between 1 m b/d and 2.2 m b/d YoY in 2023. They also expect call-on-OPEC to rise between 0.3 m b/d and 1.0 m b/d. The US EIA projects demand to increase 1 m b/d in 2023 on the back of a growth of 1.3 m b/d in non-OECD where demand in India rises by 0.2 m b/d and China by 0.6 m b/d. In China this is of course to a large degree due to re-opening after Covid-19 lock-downs. But it is still a good reminder of the low base of oil demand in non-OECD versus OECD. India last year consumed 5 m b/d which only amounts to 1.3 b/capita/year versus a world average of 4.5  b/capita/year and European demand of 10 b/capita/year. Even China is still below the world average as its demand in 2022 stood at 15.2 m b/d or 4.0 b/capita/yr. Non-OECD oil demand thus still has a long way to go in terms of oil demand and that is probably one of the things we’ll be reminded of in 2023 as Covid-19 lock-downs disappear entirely.

Solid demand growth in the face of strained supply. Important to remember is that the world has lost a huge amount of fossil supply from Russia due to the war in Ukraine. First in terms of natural gas where supply to the EU and thus to the world has declined by some 2.5 m boe/d versus pre-war levels. Secondly in terms of crude and products. The latter is of course a constant guessing game in terms of how much Russian crude and product exports has declined. The US EIA however projects that crude oil production in the Former Soviet Union will be down 2 m b/d in 2023 versus pre-Covid levels and down 1.3 m b/d YoY from 2022 to 2023. We are thus talking up to 4.5 m boe/d of lost supply from Russia/FSU. That is a huge loss. It is the reason why coal prices are still trading at USD 200 – 400/ton versus normal USD 85/ton as coal is an alternative to very expensive natural gas.

Overall for 2023 we are looking at a market where we’ll have huge losses in supply of fossil energy supply from Russia while demand for oil is set to rebound solidly (+1.0 – 2.2 m b/d) along with steady demand growth in non-OECD plus a jump in demand from China due to Covid-19 reopening. Need for oil from OPEC is set to rise by up to 1.0 m b/d YoY while the group’s spare capacity is close to exhausted.

We expect Brent crude to average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Despite all the macro economic gloom and doom due to inflation and rising interest rates we cannot help having a positive view for crude oil prices for the year to come due to the above reasons. The Dated Brent crude oil price index averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We think Brent crude will average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Oil is today absurdly cheap at USD 85/b. It is cheaper than both coal in Australia and natural gas both in Japan and the EU. This is something you hardly ever see. The energy market will work hard to consume more what is cheap (oil) and less of what is expensive (nat gas and coal).

Latest forecasts by IEA, OPEC and US EIA for oil demand growth and call-on-OPEC YoY for 2023. Solid demand growth and rising need for oil from OPEC. 

Latest forecasts by IEA, OPEC and US EIA for oil demand growth and call-on-OPEC YoY for 2023.
Source: IEA, EIA, OPEC, SEB graph

Oil demand projections from the main agencies and estimated call-on-OPEC. More demand and higher need for oil from OPEC

Oil demand projections
Source: IEA, EIA, OPEC, SEB table

EIA STEO projected change in oil demand for different countries and regions YoY to 2023

EIA STEO projected change in oil demand for different countries and regions YoY to 2023
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

US EIA Dec STEO forecast for FSU oil production. Solid decline projected for 2023.

US EIA Dec STEO forecast for FSU oil production. Solid decline projected for 2023.
Source: US EIA data and projection. SEB graph

US commercial crude and product stocks still below normal

US commercial crude and product stocks still below normal
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

Total US crude and product stocks including SPR. Declining, declining, declining.

Total US crude and product stocks including SPR. Declining, declining, declining.
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

US crude and product inventories both excluding and including Strategic Petroleum Reserves

US crude and product inventories both excluding and including Strategic Petroleum Reserves

US oil sales from US SPR is now coming to an end. Will make the market feel much tighter as it really is.

US oil sales from US SPR is now coming to an end. Will make the market feel much tighter as it really is.
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

Brent crude oil is absurdly cheap as it today trades below both Australian coal and natural gas in both Japan and the EU. Coal and natural gas prices should trade lower while oil should trade higher.

Source: Blbrg data, SEB graph

EU diesel prices versus natural gas prices. Could start to move towards a more natural price-balance in terms of substitution.

EU diesel prices versus natural gas prices. Could start to move towards a more natural price-balance in terms of substitution.
Source: Blbrg data, SEB graph and calculations
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