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SEB Jordbruksprodukter, 14 oktober 2013

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SEB Veckobrev med prognoser på råvaror

SEB - Prognoser på råvaror - CommodityVete, raps, potatis och socker gick upp förra veckan, majs och sojabönor ner. Det var en lugn vecka förra veckan, främst på grund av European Exchange, som gick av stapeln i Paris under torsdagen och fredagen. Med nästan hela den Europeiska marknaden i Paris blev handeln tunn.

Vete

November månads terminskontrakt på Matif har gått upp mot 200 euro, ett tekniskt motstånd. Det har varit en god uppgång och många kommer att vilja sälja till 200 euro. Vi gissar en det kommer en rekyl nedåt den här veckan, vilket vi tror är ett köptillfälle.

Vetepriset 11 oktober 2013

Decemberkontraktet på CBOT har haft svårt att ta sig över 700 cent, på samma sätt som Matif kämpar med 200 euro.

Teknisk analys på wheat future

Nedan ser vi terminskurvorna för Chicagovete och Matif. Det är nästan backwardation i Matifmarknaden. Det är en återspegling av att så många lantbrukare håller på sitt vete för att de tror att priset ska stiga. Istället borde de sälja sin spannmål och ta sin position genom att köpa terminer. Det bytet innebär samma position i marknaden, samma antal ton, men pengar på banken (räntevinst), ingen risk för försämring av varan i lager och möjligheten att köpa på termin utan terminspåslag.

Terminskurvor på vete den 11 oktober 2013

GASC ratade erbjudandena i veckan därför att man tyckte att priset var för högt.

Argentinas BAGE estimerade den kommande Argentinska veteskörden till drygt 10 mt. USDA:s senaste WASDE i september angav den till 12 mt.

Tendens för priser på jordbruksmarknadenUSA:s jordbruksdepartement är stängt pga budgetproblemen, vilket innebär att vi inte har några crop conditions, inga exportsiffror och ingen WASDE-rapport. Den skulle ha kommit den 11 september och analytikerna behöver ca 10 dagar på sig. Det innebär att den kan komma först den 24 oktober. Då är det nästan ingen idé att publicera den, vilket kan innebära att den helt kommer att utgå.

Även Europa var lugnt mot slutet av veckan på grund av European Exchange i Paris i torsdags och fredags. European Exchange är en mötesplats för alla i den europeiska spannmålsbranschen.

Den långsamma sådden i Ukraina är en faktor som påverkat prisutvecklingen positivt. Nu har vädret blivit bättre, vilket gör att höstarbetet underlättas.

Vi får en del frågor om optioner. Den som vill köpa en option via SEB kan göra det. Det behövs ett ramavtal, men däremot behöver banken inte göra en kreditprövning och man behöver inte heller ställa säkerhet, eftersom man som kund betalar priset (”premien”) i början och sedan erhåller eventuellt realvärde vid optionens lösen. Man behöver inte heller påkalla lösen själv, utan det sköts automatiskt till kontot i banken.

Det är så kort tid kvar till förfallet för novemberterminen 2013, så nedan ser vi priserna på köpoptioner på Matif på November-2014 (Matif vete). Notera att volatiliteten 13% är ganska låg. Volatiliteten brukar vara låg när priserna är låga.

Nedanstående optioner är köpoptioner. Terminen (Nov 2014) handlas i 194.25 euro per ton. En köpoption om ett ton vete, som ger rätt att köpa vete för 200 euro kostar 10.78 euro, eller 6% av 194.25 euro. När man köper optionen får man betala det beloppet (plus lite till för säljkurs, detta är senast betalt). Om priset i oktober (vid förfall) nästa år är 250 euro på terminen betalar banken 50 euro till optionsinnehavaren (omräknat till kronor om man vill och kommer överens om det). Om terminen står i 190 euro (under lösenpriset) förfaller optionen värdelös och inget belopp betalas ut.

Köpoptioner på vetepriset

Nedanstående är priser på säljoptioner. Om du köpt optionen med lösenpris 200 euro (för 16.51) och terminen i oktober nästa år står i 180 euro, betalar banken ut 20 euro. Om terminspriset är över 200 euro betalar banken inte ut någonting alls och optionen förfaller värdelös.

Säljoptioner på vetepriset

En del använder optioner för att spekulera kortsiktigt. Som du ser av kolumnen Pris% 5d, som visar den procentuella prisförändringen på respektive option, rör sig priser på optioner med en väsentlig utväxling i förhållande till förändringar i terminspriset.

Vi har alltså köprekommendation på vete, men tror att en rekyl nedåt kan komma. Vi betraktar en sådan rekyl nedåt som ett köptillfälle.

Maltkorn

Terminspriset (november) ligger återigen under Matif:s kvarnvetekontrakt för november.

Prisutveckling på maltkorn

Som vi ser av diagrammet nedan, ligger novembers maltkornskontrakt under vetet, men januari, mars och maj ligger alla över. Det indikerar ett ”överutbud” av maltkorn just nu och / eller en brist på kvarnvete.

Terminskurvor för Malting barley och Milling wheat

Majs

Majspriset (december 2013) har fortsatt att falla. Nyhetsflödet har gett bränsle åt nedgången: Dels har siffrorna på väntad skörd per acre i USA fortsatt att förbättras, dels har brasilianska CONAB estimerat landets skörd 2014 till 78 – 80 mt i veckan. Det ska jämföras med USDA:s senaste estimat på 72 mt. Tidigare rapporter indikerade också lägre sådd av majs och motsvarande mer av sojabönor. Även på efterfrågesidan har negativ information kommit. Amerikanska EPA väntas sänka inblandningsmandatet av etanol i bensin med 1.4 miljarder gallons, vilket leder till en minskad efterfrågan på majs med upp till 500 miljoner bushels. Efterfrågan till etanol har inte ökat alls de senaste åren, efter att man kommit upp i 10% (”blending wall”) etanol.

Majspriset faller vidare

Det är oroväckande att majsen handlats så svagt, men vi tror ändå att priserna är nära botten och att förhållandet mellan sojabönor (oljeväxter) och majs (spannmål) leder till mindre produktion av majs – med högre pris i framtiden som konsekvens.

Vi väljer att hålla fast vid köprekommendationen.

Sojabönor

Novemberkontraktet på sojabönor slutade förra veckan med ett rejält prisfall. Priset närmar sig den nivå på 1250 som vi talade om för några veckor sedan. Bakom fredagens prisfall låg samma faktor som bakom prisfallet i majsmarknaden – en oro för att EPA ska komma att sänka inblandningskravet avseende biobränslen, i fallet för sojabönor gällde det biodiesel.

Teknisk analys på sojabönor

Brasilianska CONAB estimerar landets skörd 2014 till 87.6 – 89.7 mt. Det är något högre än USDA:s 88 mt.

I USA talar en del nu, något oväntat, om en skörd på 43 bushels per acre. Efter torkan i augusti har marknaden tagit emot en serie av estimat från privata firmor och analytiker som visar på bättre skörd än befarat.

Vi behåller säljrekommendation.

Raps

Rapspriset (november 2013) fortsatte att stiga i början av förra veckan efter beskedet om att en strafftull kommer att införas mot 90% av EU:s import av biodiesel. Den här frågan var ”snackisen” på European Exchange som gick av stapeln i Paris i torsdags och fredags. Samtalet rörde främst ”vem” som fått kännedom om beslutet innan det offentliggjordes.

TA-analys på raps

Vi behåller säljrekommendationen på raps.

Potatis

Potatispriset av årets skörd, som handlas i april-kontraktet på Eurex, har vänt upp till den högsta nivån på en månad, en uppgång från början av oktober med 15%, till 23.10 euro per dt. 24 euro ser ut att vara inom räckhåll.

TA-analys på potatispris

Gris

Prist på Lean Hogs fortsatta att röra sig ”sidledes” inom vad vi tolkar som en ”toppformation”, baserat på kända mönster inom den tekniska analys-skolan.

TA-analys på lean hogs furure

Mjölk

Terminerna på smör och skummjölkspulver vid Eurex-börsen var stabila och rörde sig inte mycket under veckan som gick. Fonterras pris steg något, efter det kraftiga prisfall från toppen som varit.

Mjölkpriser den 11 oktober 2013

Socker

Marskontraktet på råsocker steg kraftigt upp till 18.93 cent på marskontraktet. Vid 19 cent finns ett starkt motstånd och det skulle inte förvåna om vinsthemtagningar sätter in, som kan ta ner priset till 18 cent. Vi tror att det, om det händer, är ett utmärkt köptillfälle.

Bra tillfälle att investera i socker

Gödsel

Priset på kväve / urea var stabilt i veckan som gick med endast små kursförändringar.

Diagram med pris på kväve / urea

[box]SEB Veckobrev Jordbruksprodukter är producerat av SEB Commodities Sales desk och publiceras i samarbete och med tillstånd på Råvarumarknaden.se[/box]

Detta marknadsföringsmaterial, framtaget av SEB’s Commodities Sales desk, har upprättats enbart i informationssyfte.

Även om innehållet är baserat på källor som SEB bedömt som tillförlitliga ansvarar SEB inte för fel eller brister i informationen. Den utgör inte oberoende, objektiv investeringsanalys och skyddas därför inte av de bestämmelser som SEB har infört för att förebygga potentiella intressekonflikter. Yttranden från SEB’s Commodities Sales desk kan vara oförenliga med tidigare publicerat material från SEB, då den senare hänvisas uppmanas du att läsa den fullständiga rapporten innan någon åtgärd vidtas.

Dokumentationen utgör inte någon investeringsrådgivning och tillhandahålls till dig utan hänsyn till dina investeringsmål. Du uppmanas att självständigt bedöma och komplettera uppgifterna i denna dokumentation och att basera dina investeringsbeslut på material som bedöms erforderligt. Alla framåtblickande uttalanden, åsikter och förväntningar är föremål för risker, osäkerheter och andra faktorer och kan orsaka att det faktiska resultatet avviker väsentligt från det förväntade. Historisk avkastning är ingen garanti för framtida resultat. Detta dokument utgör inte ett erbjudande att teckna några värdepapper eller andra finansiella instrument. SEB svarar inte för förlust eller skada – direkt eller indirekt, eller av vad slag det vara må – som kan uppkomma till följd av användandet av detta material eller dess innehåll.

Observera att det kan förekomma att SEB, dess ledamöter, dess anställda eller dess moder- och/eller dotterbolag vid olika tillfällen innehar, har innehaft eller kommer att inneha aktier, positioner, rådgivningsuppdrag i samband med corporate finance-transaktioner, investment- eller merchantbankinguppdrag och/eller lån i de bolag/finansiella instrument som nämns i materialet.

Materialet är avsett för mottagaren, all spridning, distribuering mångfaldigande eller annan användning av detta meddelande får inte ske utan SEB:s medgivande. Oaktat detta får SEB tillåta omfördelning av materialet till utvald tredje part i enlighet med gällande avtal. Materialet får inte spridas till fysiska eller juridiska personer som är medborgare eller har hemvist i ett land där sådan spridning är otillåten enligt tillämplig lag eller annan bestämmelse.

Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) är ett [publikt] aktiebolag och står under tillsyn av Finansinspektionen samt de lokala finansiella tillsynsmyndigheter i varje jurisdiktionen där SEB har filial eller dotterbolag.

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Analys

How renewable fuels are accelerating the decarbonisation of transport

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WisdomTree

On 16 November 2022, UK’s Royal Air Force (RAF) Voyager aircraft, the military variant of the Airbus A330, took to the skies for 90 minutes over Oxfordshire. What looked like a routine test flight in its outward appearance was ultimately deemed ground-breaking. Why? It was a world-first military transporter aircraft flight, and the first of any aircraft type in the UK to be completed using 100% sustainable jet fuel.  

Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree
Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree

What are renewable fuels?

Renewable hydrocarbon biofuels (also called green or drop-in biofuels) are fuels produced from biomass sources through a variety of biological, thermal, and chemical processes. These products are chemically identical to petroleum gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel.

In other words, renewable fuels are sources of energy chemically identical to fossil fuels but produced from domestic, commercial, or agricultural waste (see Figure 1 below).

Figure 1: Converting waste into energy

Waste types and refinery output

Why the excitement?

Renewable fuels, like renewable diesel and sustainable jet fuel, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 80-90% compared to fossil fuels. And because they burn much cleaner, engine filters remain cleaner for longer reducing the need for maintenance. Furthermore, given used cooking oil, vegetable oil, processing waste, and animal fat waste are used as inputs, the production of these fuels reduces biowaste, thereby cutting emissions from landfills.

This makes renewable fuels a key component of the circular economy. Humans have largely operated on the linear model historically when it comes to utilising natural resources. The circular model, in contrast, is much less wasteful and seeks to recycle as much as possible (see Figure 2 below).

Figure 2: The Circular Economy

Circular economy
Source: WisdomTree, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2023

The most exciting thing about renewable fuels is the immediacy with which they can make an impact. The reason why they are referred to as drop-in fuels is that they can replace fossil fuels in internal combustion engines with little or no modification required. So, if supply was abundant enough, forms of transport which cannot be electrified easily like heavy duty trucks, ships, and aeroplanes can be switched across to renewable fuels making a significant improvement to the environmental footprint. According to BP, “A return flight between London and San Francisco has a carbon footprint per economy ticket of nearly 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent. With the aviation industry expected to double to over 8 billion passengers by 2050, it is essential that we act to reduce aviation’s carbon emissions.”

The challenge

Renewable fuels or biofuels are still in their infancy. This means the obvious hurdle to overcome is cost competitiveness with fossil fuels. Cost estimates vary, but figures from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) provide a useful sense for the ballpark. In May 2022, IATA stated that the average worldwide price of jet fuel is about $4.15 per gallon compared to the US average price of a gallon of sustainable aviation fuel, which is about $8.67.

So, roughly double the price of the incumbent polluting technology. This is not a bad starting point at all. Considering how rapidly the cost of energy storage in batteries has fallen in the last decade, renewable fuels could become competitive quite soon if sufficient investment is made and economies of scale are achieved. IATA also predicts that renewable fuels could make up 2% of all aviation fuels by 2025, which could become a tipping point in their competitiveness.

Businesses are acting

Businesses pursuing their own net zero targets have already started exploring renewable fuels to minimise their waste. Darling Ingredients Inc, which produces its trademark Diamond Green Diesel from recycled animal fats, inedible corn oil, and used cooking oil, was chosen by fast food chain Chick-fil-A in March 2022 to turn its used cooking oil into clean transportation fuel.

Similarly, McDonald’s entered into a partnership with Neste Corporation in 2020 to convert its used vegetable oil into renewable diesel and fuel the trucks that make deliveries to its restaurants. According to TortoiseEcofin, both Darling Ingredients and Neste have a net negative carbon footprint given emissions produced by these businesses are lower that the emissions avoided because of their renewable fuels.

A final word

Renewable fuels alone will not tackle climate change. No single solution can. But they can help us make meaningful progress. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasises how crucial it is for the world to halve its greenhouse gas emissions this decade to at least have a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5oC. This means that solutions with an immediate effect have an important role to play. Biofuels can cut emissions from waste in landfills and provide much cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels to help accelerate the world’s decarbonisation efforts. They don’t require different engines to be of use. They just need funding to reach scale.

Mobeen Tahir, Director, Macroeconomic Research & Tactical Solutions, WisdomTree

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Analys

SEB Metals Weekly: China Covid exit is bullish for metals

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China Covid exit is bullish for metals

Softer inflation, slight macro-optimism, and China taking a rapid exit from Covid restrictions. Markets have become more optimistic. Inflation indices have eased and that has created some hopes that central banks won’t lift interest to a level that will kill the economy in 2023. Natural gas prices in Europe have fallen sharply. This has suddenly reduced energy-inflationary pressure and removed the direst downside economic risks for the region. But general market optimism is far from super-strong yet. The S&P 500 index has only gained 1.9% since our previous forecast on 1 Nov 2021, and oil prices are down nearly 10% in a reflection of concerns for global growth. China has however removed all Covid-restrictions almost overnight. It is now set to move out of its three years of Covid-19 isolation and lockdowns at record speed. Industrial metals are up 20% and the Hong Kong equity index is up 40% as a result (since 1 Nov-22). China’s sudden and rapid Covid-19 exit is plain and simply bullish for the Chinese economy to the point that mobility indices are already rebounding quickly. SEB’s general view is that inflation impulses will fade quickly. No need then for central banks across the world to kill the global economy with further extreme rate hikes. These developments have removed much of the downside price risks for metals in 2023 and we have to a large degree shifted our 2024 forecast to 2023.

Lower transparency, more geopolitics, more borders, and higher prices and exponential spikes. The first decade of this century was about emerging markets, the BRICs, the commodity price boom, the commodity investment boom, and free markets with free flow of commodities and labor with China and Russia hand in hand with western countries walking towards the future. High capex spending in the first decade led to plentiful supply and low prices for commodities from 2011 to 2020. A world of plenty, friends everywhere, free flow of everything, and no need to worry. The coming decade will likely be very different. Supply growth will struggle due to mediocre capex spending over the past 10 years. Prices will on average be significantly higher. There will be frequent exponential price spikes whenever demand hits supply barriers. Price transparency will be significantly reduced due to borders, taxes, sanctions, geopolitical alignments, and carbon intensities. Prices will be much less homogenous. Aluminium will no longer be just one price and one quality. Who made it, where was it made, where will it be consumed and what the carbon content will create a range of prices. Same for most other metals.

Copper: Struggling supply and China revival propel copper prices higher. Unrest in Peru is creating significant supply risks for copper as the country accounts for 10% of the global supply. Chile accounts for 27% of global production. Production there is disappointing with Codelco, the Chilean state-owned copper mining company, struggling to hit production targets. The Cobre Panama mine in Panama is at risk of being closed over a tax dispute between Quantum and the government. Cobre Panama is one of the biggest new mines globally over the past 10 years. The rapid exit from Covid restrictions in China is bullish for the Chinese economy and thus for copper demand and it has helped to propel prices higher along with the mentioned supply issues. The Chinese property market will continue to struggle, and it normally accounts for 20% of global copper demand while China accounted for 55% of global copper demand in 2021. While China is no longer prioritizing the housing market it is full speed ahead for solar, wind, EVs, and electrification in general. So, weakening Chinese copper demand from housing will likely be replaced by the new prioritized growth sectors. Global supply growth is likely going to be muted in the decade to come while demand growth will be somewhere between a normal 3% pa. to a strong 4% pa. to a very strong 5% pa. Copper prices will be high, and demand will hit the supply barrier repeatedly with exponential spikes as the world is working hard to accelerate the energy transition. Copper prices could easily spike to USD 15-16,000/ton nearest years.

Nickel: Tight high-quality nickel market but a surplus for a low-quality nickel. Nickel production is growing aggressively in Indonesia. The country is projected to account for 60-70% of global supply in 2030. This will become a huge and extremely concentrated geopolitical risk for the world’s consumers of nickel. Indonesia has an abundance of low-grade C2 nickel. The challenge is to convert low-quality C2 nickel to high-quality C1. We are set for a surplus of C2 nickel but the market for C1 nickel will depend strongly on the conversion capacity for C2 to C1. Low price transparency will also help to send prices flying between USD 20,000/ton and USD 30,000/ton. Strong growth in nickel production in Indonesia should initially call for prices down to USD 20,000/ton. But Indonesia is a price setter. It will account for 50% of global supply in 2023. It doesn’t make sense for Indonesia to kill the nickel price. If the nickel price drops, then Indonesia could quickly regulate supply. There should be a premium to nickel due to this. As a result, we expect the nickel price to average USD 24,000/ton in 2023. C2 to C1 conversion capacity may be strained and there should also be a monopoly premium due to the size of Indonesia. Converting C2 to C1 is however extremely carbon intensive and that could be an increasing issue in the years to come.

Zinc: Super-tight global market. European LME inventories are ZERO and zinc smelters there are still closed. European zinc smelters account for 16% of global zinc smelter capacity. Most of this was closed over the past year due to extremely high energy prices. European LME zinc stockpiles are now down to a stunning zero! The global zinc market is extremely tight. Reopening of European zinc smelting seems unlikely in H1-23 with a continued super-tight market as a result both in Europe and globally.

Aluminium: Price likely to be in the range of USD 2400 – 3200/ton and line with coal prices in China. Aluminium prices have historically been tightly tied to the price of coal. But coal prices have been all over the place since the start of 2021 with huge price differences between Amsterdam, Australia, and domestic Chinese coal prices which are now largely state-controlled. China banning imports of Australian coal, the Chinese energy crisis in 2021, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 are ingredients here. This sent aluminium prices flying high and low. Coal prices in China today imply a price of aluminium between USD 2400/ton and 3150/ton with the LME 3mth aluminium price nicely in between at USD 2590/ton. The global coal market should now become more orderly as China now again is accepting Australian coal. Energy costs have fallen sharply in Europe and some producers in the Netherlands have talked about possible restarts of production. China is likely to reduce its exports of primary aluminium. Energy security of supply is high on the agenda in China, and it makes no sense to emit lots of CO2 in China and indirectly export energy in the form of primary aluminium. Growth in non-China aluminium demand in the years to come will have to be covered by non-China producers which have the potential to force prices higher and away from coal as the price driver. While LME has one price for the 3mth aluminium price we’ll likely get larger and larger price differences across the world in the form of possibly extreme price premiums for example in the EU and the US.

SEB Commodities price outlook
Source: SEB Markets – Commodities. Historical data: Bloomberg 
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Analys

Solid demand growth and strained supply to push Brent above USD 100/b

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SEB - Prognoser på råvaror - Commodity

Brent crude had a strong end of the year as it traded at the highest level since 1 December. It is a slow start to the new year due to bank holidays and Dated Brent trades close to USD 85/b. It averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We expect it to average more than USD 100/b on average for the coming year amid strained supply and rebounding demand. Chinese oil demand is set to recover strongly along with re-openings while non-OECD will continue to move higher. At the moment oil looks absurdly cheap as it is cheaper than natural gas in both EU and Japan and also cheaper than coal in Australia.

Some price strength at the end of the year. The Dated Brent crude oil price index gained 2.3% on Friday with a close at USD 84.97/b. It was the highest close since 1 December. This morning it is trading slightly lower at USD 84.8/b but the market is basically void of action due to bank holidays.

Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities at SEB
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief analyst commodities, SEB

Gloom and doom but IEA, OPEC and US EIA project global crude oil demand to rise between 1 m b/d and 2.2 m b/d YoY in 2023. They also expect call-on-OPEC to rise between 0.3 m b/d and 1.0 m b/d. The US EIA projects demand to increase 1 m b/d in 2023 on the back of a growth of 1.3 m b/d in non-OECD where demand in India rises by 0.2 m b/d and China by 0.6 m b/d. In China this is of course to a large degree due to re-opening after Covid-19 lock-downs. But it is still a good reminder of the low base of oil demand in non-OECD versus OECD. India last year consumed 5 m b/d which only amounts to 1.3 b/capita/year versus a world average of 4.5  b/capita/year and European demand of 10 b/capita/year. Even China is still below the world average as its demand in 2022 stood at 15.2 m b/d or 4.0 b/capita/yr. Non-OECD oil demand thus still has a long way to go in terms of oil demand and that is probably one of the things we’ll be reminded of in 2023 as Covid-19 lock-downs disappear entirely.

Solid demand growth in the face of strained supply. Important to remember is that the world has lost a huge amount of fossil supply from Russia due to the war in Ukraine. First in terms of natural gas where supply to the EU and thus to the world has declined by some 2.5 m boe/d versus pre-war levels. Secondly in terms of crude and products. The latter is of course a constant guessing game in terms of how much Russian crude and product exports has declined. The US EIA however projects that crude oil production in the Former Soviet Union will be down 2 m b/d in 2023 versus pre-Covid levels and down 1.3 m b/d YoY from 2022 to 2023. We are thus talking up to 4.5 m boe/d of lost supply from Russia/FSU. That is a huge loss. It is the reason why coal prices are still trading at USD 200 – 400/ton versus normal USD 85/ton as coal is an alternative to very expensive natural gas.

Overall for 2023 we are looking at a market where we’ll have huge losses in supply of fossil energy supply from Russia while demand for oil is set to rebound solidly (+1.0 – 2.2 m b/d) along with steady demand growth in non-OECD plus a jump in demand from China due to Covid-19 reopening. Need for oil from OPEC is set to rise by up to 1.0 m b/d YoY while the group’s spare capacity is close to exhausted.

We expect Brent crude to average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Despite all the macro economic gloom and doom due to inflation and rising interest rates we cannot help having a positive view for crude oil prices for the year to come due to the above reasons. The Dated Brent crude oil price index averaged USD 99.9/b in 2022. We think Brent crude will average more than USD 100/b in 2023. Oil is today absurdly cheap at USD 85/b. It is cheaper than both coal in Australia and natural gas both in Japan and the EU. This is something you hardly ever see. The energy market will work hard to consume more what is cheap (oil) and less of what is expensive (nat gas and coal).

Latest forecasts by IEA, OPEC and US EIA for oil demand growth and call-on-OPEC YoY for 2023. Solid demand growth and rising need for oil from OPEC. 

Latest forecasts by IEA, OPEC and US EIA for oil demand growth and call-on-OPEC YoY for 2023.
Source: IEA, EIA, OPEC, SEB graph

Oil demand projections from the main agencies and estimated call-on-OPEC. More demand and higher need for oil from OPEC

Oil demand projections
Source: IEA, EIA, OPEC, SEB table

EIA STEO projected change in oil demand for different countries and regions YoY to 2023

EIA STEO projected change in oil demand for different countries and regions YoY to 2023
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

US EIA Dec STEO forecast for FSU oil production. Solid decline projected for 2023.

US EIA Dec STEO forecast for FSU oil production. Solid decline projected for 2023.
Source: US EIA data and projection. SEB graph

US commercial crude and product stocks still below normal

US commercial crude and product stocks still below normal
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

Total US crude and product stocks including SPR. Declining, declining, declining.

Total US crude and product stocks including SPR. Declining, declining, declining.
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

US crude and product inventories both excluding and including Strategic Petroleum Reserves

US crude and product inventories both excluding and including Strategic Petroleum Reserves

US oil sales from US SPR is now coming to an end. Will make the market feel much tighter as it really is.

US oil sales from US SPR is now coming to an end. Will make the market feel much tighter as it really is.
Source: US EIA, SEB graph

Brent crude oil is absurdly cheap as it today trades below both Australian coal and natural gas in both Japan and the EU. Coal and natural gas prices should trade lower while oil should trade higher.

Source: Blbrg data, SEB graph

EU diesel prices versus natural gas prices. Could start to move towards a more natural price-balance in terms of substitution.

EU diesel prices versus natural gas prices. Could start to move towards a more natural price-balance in terms of substitution.
Source: Blbrg data, SEB graph and calculations
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